Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

PERSPEKTIVNYE
MATERIALY

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2025, № 2

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Structure and mechanical properties of electrolytic chromium coatings deposited
on the inner surface of fuel cladding made of EP823-Sh steel

G. N. Elmanov, R. Sh. Isayev, P. S. Dzhumaev, A. D. Yakovleva, B. A. Loginov, I. A. Naumenko

The structure and some mechanical properties of electrolytic chromium coatings deposited on the inner surface of the fuel cladding made of EP823-Sh ferritic-martensitic steel were studied. It was shown that the optimal temperature of the electrolytic bath for deposition of hard dense coatings without cracks is 30–35 °C at a current density of 0.15–0.18 A/cm². At higher temperatures, finely dispersed columnar chromium crystals are deposited, texture appears and microcracks are formed, which reduces the protective properties of the coating. Nanohardness, elastic modulus, elastic limit, ultimate relative deformation, tensile fracture limit, and abrasive wear resistance of the coatings are determined.

Keywords: EP823-Sh steel; chromium coating; microstructure; mechanical properties; electrodeposition; adhesion; microhardness.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-5-16

Reference citing:
Elmanov G.N., Isayev R.Sh., Dzhumaev P.S., Yakovleva A.D., Loginov B.A., Naumenko I.A. Struktura i mekhanicheskie svojstva elektroliticheskih hromovyh pokrytij, osazhdennyh na vnutrennyuyu poverhnost' obolochki tvela iz stali EP823-SH [Structure and mechanical properties of electrolytic chromium coatings deposited on the inner surface of fuel cladding made of EP823-Sh steel]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 5 – 16. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-5-16

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Comparative characteristics of the bioactivity of materials based on a mixture of calcium phosphates and polysaccharides

А. A. Tsyganova, O. A. Golovanova

We have prepared a composite material based on a mixture of calcium phosphates and and polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid), their properties can be adjusted by varying the ratio of the filler/matrix and the drying temperature. We investigated their composition, morphology, and their degradation in the tris-buffered saline solution and model SBF solution. It was found that a calcium phosphate layer is formed on the surface of the samples in SBF solution, which indicates the bioactivity of the samples. At the same time, a gradual transition of calcium ions from the surface of the material to the solution is observed in tris-buffered saline solution.

Keywords: composite material, a mixture of calcium phosphates, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, sodium alginate.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-17-27

Reference citing:
Tsyganova А.A., Golovanova O.A. Sravnitel'naya harakteristika bioaktivnosti materialov na osnove smesi fosfatov kal'ciya i polisaharidov [Comparative characteristics of the bioactivity of materials based on a mixture of calcium phosphates and polysaccharides]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 17 – 27. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-17-27

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Effect of DC discharge on the properties and surface structure of polyphenylene oxide films

M. S. Piskarev, A. V. Zinoviev, A. B. Gilman, E. A. Skryleva, B. R. Senatulin,
A. K. Gatin, D. A. Syrtsova, A. Yu. Alentiev, A. A. Kuznetsov

The effect of low-pressure direct current discharge on polyphenylene oxide films was studied. Filtered atmospheric air was used as the working gas. It was shown that plasma treatment leads to significant hydrophilization of the polymer surface during treatment at the cathode and anode. The storage of modified films in air leads to a decrease in hydrophilicity, which is more characteristic of films treated at the anode. The change in the chemical structure of plasma-modified samples was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the formation of a significant amount of oxygen-containing groups was shown during plasma treatment of films. The atomic content of oxygen increased to a greater extent after treatment at the anode. Using atomic force microscopy, the change in film morphology after exposure by plasma was studied and a significant increase in their roughness was established. The modified films had significantly higher selectivity of gas permeability for CO₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂ and O₂/N₂ vapors without reducing the flow of CO₂ and O2 relative to the initial values.

Keywords: polyphenylene oxide, surface modification, direct current discharge, hydrophilicity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, gas permeability, selectivity.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-28-40

Reference citing:
Piskarev M.S., Zinoviev A.V., Gilman A.B., Skryleva E.A., Senatulin B.R., Gatin A.K., Syrtsova D.A., Alentiev A.Yu., Kuznetsov A.A. Vozdejstvie razryada postoyannogo toka na svojstva i strukturu poverhnosti plenok polifenilenoksida [Effect of DC discharge on the properties and surface structure of polyphenylene oxide films]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 28 – 39. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-28-40

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Synthesis of composite material in combustion mode from mixture of Ti + 2B
and Ni – Al composite particles with various ratios of components

M. A. Ponomarev, V. E. Loryan, N. A. Kochetov

Ni – Al – Ti – 2B powder system consisting of mechanically activated composite particles-granules (Ni + Al) and a mixture of fine boron and titanium powder were used to obtain a composite with interpenetrating intermetallic/ceramic phases (by type IPC – interpenetrating phase composites) by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The quantitative ratio between the granules and the Ti + 2B mixture was varied. For all the compositions, synthesis was carried out in the combustion mode without heating. The chemical reactions in the combustion front took place in the composite granules and in the mixture around the granules – between titanium and boron. As a result of the combustion a porous frame of titanium diboride was formed; the nickel aluminides melt penetrated into the pores of the frame. The metal-ceramic combustion product has a developed porosity and a compositional structure with diboride and intermetallic phases arranged as interpenetrating frameworks (IPC). The structure of TiB₂ – NiAl depends on the ratio of the mixture components. In place of the granules there are pores that repeat their shape.

Keywords: self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, mechanical activation, thermally coupled processes, interpenetrating phase composites (IPC), IPC intermetallic/ceramic, IPC metal/ceramic.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-41-54

Reference citing:
Ponomarev M.A., Loryan V.E., Kochetov N.A. Sintez kompozicionnogo materiala v rezhime goreniya iz smesi Ti + 2B i kompozitnyh chastic Ni – Al s razlichnym sootnosheniem komponentov [Synthesis of composite material in combustion mode from mixture of Ti + 2B and Ni – Al composite particles with various ratios of components]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 41 – 54. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-41-54

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Carbon fiber from isotropic petroleum pitch doped with carbon nanotubes

K. O. Gryaznov, V. Z. Mordkovich, D. D. Prikhodko, N. I. Batova, E. B. Mitberg,
O. N. Abramov, D. V. Zhigalov, P. A. Storozhenko, N. Yu. Beilina

The comprehensive investigation of surface morphology, internal structure as well as physical and physico-mechanical properties (heat conductivity coefficient, electric resistance, tensile strength, Young modulus) of carbon fiber (CF) prepared from petroleum tar based isotropic pitch is shown in this paper. Pristine isotropic pitch was doped with different content (0 – 1.0 wt. %) of ultralong double-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) with single filament length more than 10,000 nm. The carbonization (2000 °C) and graphitization (2500 or 2800 °С) were used as heat treatment procedures for extruded CF. It was shown that CNT content increase leads to different effects. Thus, in comparison with non-doped CF the heat conductivity coefficient increases (from 6.61 to 12.72 W/(m·K)) while the electric resistance decreases (from 33.90 to 5.41 μΩ·m). However, this leads to CNT distribution inhomogeneities through the CF filament volume, which in turn results in degradation of physico-mechanical properties. Typical CF filament surface and structure defects (overstretching, protrusion, hollow) are shown in dependence of CNT content in pitch material.

Keywords: carbon fiber, isotropic pitch, carbon nanotubes, hollow carbon fiber.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-55-65

Reference citing:
Gryaznov K.O., Mordkovich V.Z., Prikhodko D.D., Batova N.I., Mitberg E.B., Abramov O.N., Zhigalov D.V., Storozhenko P.A., Beilina N.Yu. Uglerodnoe volokno iz izotropnogo neftyanogo peka, legirovannogo uglerodnymi nanotrubkami [Carbon fiber from isotropic petroleum pitch doped with carbon nanotubes]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 55 – 64. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-55-65

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Preparation of europium and gadolinium hafnates with pyrochlore structure using microwave radiation

N. V. Grechishnikov, A. A. Ilyicheva, L. I. Podzorova, E. E. Nikishina

The development of new energy-efficient methods for producing rare earth hafnates is an urgent task in connection with the development of such areas of their application as thermal barrier coatings, solid electrolytes, etc. In this paper, a method for producing europium and gadolinium hafnates with the general formula Eu_{2 – x}Gd_xHf₂O₇ at x = 0 – 2 using microwave radiation is considered. The effect of the duration of microwave treatment and the temperature of subsequent firing of the resulting powders on their phase composition is studied. The optimal time of microwave treatment of powder systems is established, which ensures the maximum content of europium hafnate and gadolinium hafnate in the phase composition of the material. In case of deviation from the found optimal duration of microwave exposure, the samples contain phases of individual oxides of the original metals, i.e. hafnium dioxide and oxides of rare earth elements. It was found that heat treatment at 1350 °C intensifies the process of crystal structure ordering, the transition from the metastable fluorite phase to the stable pyrochlore phase. This is confirmed by the calculated unit cell parameters of the Eu_{2 – x}Gd_xHf₂O₇ composition at x = 0 and 2, subjected to heat treatment at 1200 – 1450 °C. In systems with x = 0,5 – 1,5, annealed at 1500 °C, the dependence of the structure type in which they crystallize on the duration of microwave treatment was determined.

Keywords: rare earth hafnates, pyrochlore, fluorite, microwave radiation, thermal barrier coatings.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-66-72

Reference citing:
Grechishnikov N. V., Ilyicheva A. A., Podzorova L. I., Nikishina E. E. Poluchenie gafnatov evropiya i gadoliniya so strukturoj pirohlora s primeneniem mikrovolnovogo izlucheniya [Preparation of europium and gadolinium hafnates with pyrochlore structure using microwave radiation]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 66 – 72. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-66-72

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Study of casting aluminum samples reinforced with hollow copper spheres

V. A. Gulevsky, V. I. Antipov, A. G. Kolmakov, S. N. Tsurikhin, N. Yu. Miroshkin,
V. V. Gulevsky, Yu. E. Mukhina, E. E. Baranov, M. A. Kaplan

The work is devoted to the analysis of the mechanical behavior of reinforced aluminum with metallized spheres. The resulting reinforced aluminum has prospects for use in industry, where the material has small weight, low density, good heat-insulating and sound-absorbing properties, is non-flammable and non-toxic. The structure of the material absorbs vibrations, shocks and sounds, and the low weight provides an ideal basis for lightweight constructions. However, in order to reveal reinforced aluminum, it is necessary to understand its behavior under mechanical loads. Samples of reinforced aluminum, obtained by advanced casting technology, were examined with bending test. The role of metallized spheres in deformation resistance to has been studied. The results demonstrate the relationship between the spheres diameter and their flexural strength. The use of spheres with a minimum size has been established to be preferable, since the maximum load is achieved with low deformation and elongation of the sample; at the same time, the use of expanded polystyrene spheres coated with a copper-graphite layer leads to a lighter weight of the product up to 30 % of the total mass.

Key words: reinforced aluminum; bending tests; casting technology.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-73-79

Reference citing:
Gulevsky V.A., Antipov V.I., Kolmakov A.G., Tsurikhin S.N., Miroshkin N.Yu., Gulevsky V.V., Mukhina Yu.E., Baranov E.E., Kaplan M.A. Issledovanie obrazcov alyuminiya, armirovannogo polymi mednymi sferami, poluchennyh lit'em [Study of casting aluminum samples reinforced with hollow copper spheres]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 73 – 79. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-73-79

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Analysis of microstructure and hardness of weld points
under laser acoustic treatment of stainless steel

I. V. Shvarts, Y. V. Krylov, S. А. Nikiforov, A. I. Gorunov, А. Kh. Gilmutdinov

The article presents a laser-acoustic method for spot treatment of AISI 316L thin sheet steel. A setup has been developed for conducting experiments with and without the application of ultrasonic vibrations of 40 kHz and 100 W. An analysis of the microstructure of weld points was carried out based on the obtained optical images. The globular shape of dendrites was revealed after treatment with ultrasonic influence, in contrast to the resulting columnar shape of dendrites after treatment by the traditional method. An algorithm has been developed for determining the percentage of phase components of the microstructure — austenite and the introduced X-phase, which takes into account ferrite and other possible new formations in the structure of the weld point. A comparative analysis showed that the content of the X-phase on the fusion line is practically the same, while in the central and mixed zones of the weld point its percentage is 51 % and 41 % higher in experiments conducted with ultrasonic exposure. Further analysis of the hardness of the weld points showed an increase in hardness within 5%. A conclusion is made about the feasibility of developing and application of a laser-acoustic processing method.

Key words: laser welding, ultrasonic vibrations, stainless steel, microstructure.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-80-88

Reference citing:
Shvarts I.V., Krylov Y.V., Nikiforov S.А., Gorunov A.I., Gilmutdinov А.Kh. Analiz mikrostruktury i tverdosti svarnyh tochek pri lazerno-akusticheskom sposobe nagreva nerzhaveyushchej stali [Analysis of microstructure and hardness of weld points under laser acoustic treatment of stainless steel]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 2, pp. 80 – 88. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-2-80-88