Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

PERSPEKTIVNYE
MATERIALY

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2025, № 4

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Centrifugal casting of aluminum alloys as a method
for obtaining semi-finished products with an increased set
of properties for space technology products

P. Yu. Predko, D. I. Mayorov, N. D. Shanin, A. A. Alpatov, S. G. Bochvar

The present research is dedicated to the effect of centrifugal casting on the mechanical properties of deformable semi-finished products made of aluminum alloys of the Al – Zn – Mg – Cu and Al – Mg systems for space technology products. The study was carried out on sheets with a thickness of 3 mm and a rolling ring with a thickness of 10 mm. The samples were obtained from annular cast blanks measuring 350/240 mm (outer/inner diameter), cast by centrifugal casting. Hardness measurements were carried out along the width of the cast ring. The measurement result showed that the hardness values practically do not change over the entire width, except for the zone at a distance of 5 – 7 mm from the inner edge of the ring. In this zone, the hardness values decrease sharply. It is determined that deformed semi-finished products obtained from blanks cast by centrifugal casting have minimal anisotropy of strength properties. The level of properties of the rolling ring of the Al – Mg alloy system exceeds the properties of similar products manufactured using standard technologies. The proposed technology for manufacturing solid-rolled rings from blanks obtained by centrifugal casting will not only increase the reliability of products with a significant reduction in labor intensity, but also reduce their weight by increasing mechanical characteristics.

Keywords: centrifugal casting, aluminum alloys, mechanical properties, grain size, intermetallides.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-5-17

Reference citing:
Predko P.Yu., Mayorov D.I., Shanin N.D., Alpatov A.A., Bochvar S.G. Centrobezhnoe lit'e alyuminievyh splavov, kak sposob polucheniya polufabrikatov s povyshennym kompleksom svojstv dlya izdelij kosmicheskoj tekhniki [Centrifugal casting of aluminum alloys as a method for obtaining semi-finished products with an increased set of properties for space technology products]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 5 – 17. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-5-17

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Influence of gas phase composition on the growth of silicon nanowires in Si – H – Cl system

V. A. Nebolsin, V. V. Korneeva, V. V. Maltsev

The dependence of the growth rate of silicon nanowires (NWs) on the gas phase composition in the open chemical system SiCl₄ – H₂ has been experimentally established. It was determined that with increasing concentration of SiCl₄ the growth rate of NWs passes through a maximum, and at high concentrations of silicon tetrachloride gas-phase etching of crystals and substrate is possible. A direct correlation between the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the catalyst metal and the NWs growth rate has been established. It is shown that the observed course of the dependence of the NWs growth rate on the gas phase composition is due to the reversibility of the chemical reaction between SiCl₄ and H₂. The model determining the thermodynamic conditions of stable growth of Si NWs is considered.

Keywords: nanowires, rate growth, silicon, gas phase, composition.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-18-37

Reference citing:
Nebolsin V.A., Korneeva V.V., Maltsev V.V. Vliyanie sostava gazovoj fazy na rost nitevidnyh nanokristallov kremniya v sisteme Si – H – Cl [Influence of gas phase composition on the growth of silicon nanowires in Si – H – Cl system]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 18 – 37. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-18-37

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Analysis of parameters of deformation models of hyperelastic biotissues

S. A. Muslov, A. I. Lotkov, A. N. Nikishenko

This article is intended for specialists involved in calculating the deformation behavior of hyperelastic materials. For the overwhelming majority of materials, with increasing deformation, the proportional relationship between stress and strain ceases to hold after a certain value of external stress applied to the sample. Elastic reversible deformation is replaced by reversible inelastic, and with a further increase in stress by inelastic with residual deformation when unloading the sample. However, there are materials that can experience huge (hundreds of percent) deformations and then return to their original state or close to it. The Poisson ratio of such materials is close to the theoretical limit of 0.5, and the change in their volume during deformation is small. Such materials are called elastomers, rubber-like or hyperelastic. The authors of the report share their experience of calculating the deformation behavior of hyperelastic materials in the Mathcad 15.0 computer algebra system and compare them with the results of calculating these properties using other models. The list of models corresponds to their “rating” in the world literature on finite deformation mechanics. A total of 7 models were analyzed: neo-Hooke, Mooney – Rivlin (2-parameters), Mooney – Rivlin (3-parameters), Ogden, polynomial, Veronda – Westmann and Yeo. The predictive proximity of the results of model calculations to experimental data was estimated using mathematical statistics indicators. An example of calculating the parameters of a hyperelastic deformation model of a biomaterial (human skin of the back) is given.

Keywords: hyperelastic deformation models, Mathcad, approximation, computational mathematics.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-28-37

Reference citing:
Muslov S.A., Lotkov A.I., Nikishenko A.N. Analiz parametrov deformacionnyh modelej giperuprugih biotkanej [Analysis of parameters of deformation models of hyperelastic biotissues]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 28 – 37. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-28-37

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The influence of organic and inorganic plasticizing agents on the properties of alumina supports and CoMo/Al₂O₃ catalysts for hydrotreating diesel fractions. Part 1. Alumina supports

P. P. Mukhacheva, Yu. V. Vatutina, K. A. Nadeina, I. G. Danilova, P. P. Dik,
V. P. Pakharukova, E. Yu. Gerasimov, I. P. Prosvirin, O. V. Klimov, A. S. Noskov

The influence of organic (acetic acid, citric acid and diethylene glycol) and inorganic (nitric acid and ammonia) plasticizing agents on the properties of alumina supports has been investigated. Alumina supports have been studied by CHNS-analysis, XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, TPD-NH₃, IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine methods. The mechanical strength value of the samples was also determined. The results show that the change of the plasticizing agent leads to drastic changes in textural characteristics of the obtained supports. The use of aqueous ammonia solution as a plasticizing agent resulted in an increase in the volume of pores in the support and an increase in the content of larger pores with the size of 13 – 50 nm by 4 – 16 times in comparison with other samples. In the case of the alumina support plasticized with diethylene glycol, in contrast, there is a decrease in the pore volume in the sample by almost 2 times in comparison with the sample plasticized with ammonia. It is explained by a 9 – 35 % increase in the portion of pores of < 7 nm in size compared to other samples. No significant effect of plasticizing agent on the concentration of acid sites was found. The alumina sample prepared with the addition of nitric acid stood out among the investigated series. According to the TPD-NH₃ and IRS of adsorbed pyridine data, there is a decrease in the concentration of Lewis acid sites in comparison with the other samples.

Keywords: plasticization, alumina, inorganic acid, organic acid, hydrotreating.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-38-48

Reference citing:
Mukhacheva P.P., Vatutina Yu.V., Nadeina K.A., Danilova I.G., Dik P.P., Pakharukova V.P., Gerasimov E.Yu., Prosvirin I.P., Klimov O.V., Noskov A.S. Vliyanie organicheskih i neorganicheskih plastificiruyushchih agentov na svojstva alyumooksidnyh nositelej i SoMo/Al2O3-katalizatorov gidroochistki dizel'nyh frakcij [The influence of organic and inorganic plasticizing agents on the properties of alumina supports and CoMo/Al₂O₃ catalysts for hydrotreating diesel fractions. Part 1. Alumina supports]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 38 – 48. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-38-48

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Research of the effect of pulsed fluxes of helium ions and helium plasma on the mechanical
properties of Ti – Nb – Mo – Zr – Al group alloys

K. V. Sergienko, M. A. Sevostyanov, A. S. Demin, E. V. Morozov, N. A. Epifanov,
S. V. Konushkin, M. A. Kaplan, Ya. A. Morozova, A. G. Kolmakov

The effect of irradiation by pulsed fluxes of helium ions and helium plasma on the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of titanium alloys of the following compositions (wt. %): Ti – 0,5 Nb – 0,5 Mo – 3 Zr – 3 Al; Ti – 1 Nb – 1 Mo – 3 Zr – 3 Al; Ti – 1,5 Nb – 1,5 Mo – 3 Zr – 3 Al. The irradiation was performed on a Plasma Focus type installation with a flux power density q = 2·10⁸ W/cm² of for helium ions and for helium plasma q = 4·10⁷ W/cm² with a pulse duration of 20 – 100 ns. Metallographic and X-ray phase analysis were performed, mechanical properties (ultimate strength, yield strength, elongation) and microhardness of alloy samples before and after irradiation were determined. Irradiation led to a slight (less than 10%) decrease in the strength and ductility of alloy samples, and the microhardness values remained virtually unchanged.

Keywords: titanium alloy, helium ions, helium plasma, mechanical properties.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-49-57

Sergienko Konstantin — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), junior researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys and heat treatment of materials. E-mail: ksergienko@imet.ac.ru.
Sevostyanov Mikhail — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhP (Eng), leading researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys and heat treatment of materials. E-mail: msevostyanov@imet.ac.ru.
Demin Alexander — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), researcher, specialist in the field of high-energy processing of materials. E-mail: ademin@imet.ac.ru.
Morozov Evgeniy — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), researcher, specialist in the field of high-energy processing of materials. E-mail: lieutenant@list.ru.
Epifanov Nikita — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), junior researcher, specialist in the field of high-energy processing of materials. E-mail: mophix94@gmail.com.
Konushkin Sergey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhP (Eng), researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys and heat treatment of materials. E-mail: skonushkin@imet.ac.ru.
Kaplan Mikhail — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), PhP (Eng), junior researcher, specialist in the field of titanium alloys and heat treatment of materials. E-mail: mkaplan@imet.ac.ru.
Morozova Yaroslava — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), research engineer, specialist in the field of titanium alloys. E-mail: yasya12987@gmail.com.
Kolmakov Alexey — Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of RAS (119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 49), corresponding member of RAS, Dr of Sci. (Eng), head of laboratory, specialist in the field of titanium alloys and heat treatment of materials. E-mail: akolmakov@imet.ac.ru.

Reference citing:
Sergienko K.V., Sevostyanov M.A., Demin A.S., Morozov E.V., Epifanov N.A., Konushkin S.V., Kaplan M.A., Morozova Ya.A., Kolmakov A.G. Issledovanie vozdejstviya impul'snyh potokov ionov geliya i gelievoj plazmy na strukturu i mekhanicheskie svojstva poverhnostnyh sloev splavov sistemy Ti – Nb – Mo – Zr – Al [Research of the effect of pulsed fluxes of helium ions and helium plasma on the mechanical properties of Ti – Nb – Mo – Zr – Al group alloys]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 49 – 57. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-49-57

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Features of isothermal crystallization of composites based
on high-density polyethylene and fibrous basalt

N. T. Kakhramanov, O. M. Guliyeva, A. A. Hasanova, S. S. Aliyeva

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of fibrous basalt content on the crystallization regularities of high-density polyethylene-based composites. The crystallization process was studied using stepwise dilatometry in the temperature range of 20 – 210 °C. The fibrous basalt content in HDPE varied within 1 – 20 wt. %. The dilatometric research method made it possible to determine the dependence of the specific volume of composites on temperature. The results of the analysis allowed us to determine the first-order phase transition, the second-order phase transition (glass transition temperature), the free and occupied specific volume of the composites. The studies showed that fibrous basalt is distributed in the free volume of the polymer matrix, which is mainly located in the interspherolitic amorphous space. The study of kinetic regularities of composite crystallization in Kolmogorov – Avrami coordinates made it possible to establish that the growth mechanism of crystalline formations during continuous formation of nucleation centers largely depends on the fibrous filler content. In particular, it was established that the initial wet-density polyethylene and composites with 1 – 5 wt. % filler content are characterized by a three-dimensional spherulitic type of growth of crystalline formations. Composites with 10 – 15 wt. % fibrous filler content form a lamellar type of crystal growth. Samples with 20 wt. % filler content are characterized by the simplest rod-shaped type of growth of crystalline formations.

Key words: isothermal crystallization, fibrous basalt, compatibilizer, interspherulitic region, specific volume, free specific volume, phase transition, glass transition temperature.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-58-65

Reference citing:
Kakhramanov N.T., Guliyeva O.M., Hasanova A.A., Aliyeva S.S. Osobennosti izotermicheskoj kristallizacii kompozitov na osnove polietilena vysokoj plotnosti i voloknistogo bazal'ta [features of isothermal crystallization of composites based on high-density polyethylene and fibrous basalt]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 58 – 65. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-58-65

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Friction processing of plasma layered Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni coating
on a cylindrical titanium substrate

V. I. Kalita, D. I. Komlev, A. A. Radyuk, A. B. Mikhailova

An analysis of the microstructure and microhardness of the Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni plasma layered coating on a cylindrical titanium substrate after friction processing (FT) was performed simultaneously with two high-speed steel tools. The experiments were performed with the rotation of the substrate and the movement of the tools along the generatrix of the substrate. The main parameters of the FD, the linear speed of the coating during its rotation and the shear force of the tools on the coating, determine the power of the process up to 0.77 kW. The work performed on the coating, related to its area, 34 J/mm² determines the process temperature up to 1391 °C. Local deformation of the coating during PT on smooth and threaded profiles with a height of 89 – 371 μm of the substrate compacts the coating to a greater extent in its upper part and above the ridges. The microhardness of the WC – 12 wt % Co layer of the coating in the state after plasma spraying with an indenter load of 200 G is
6.91 GPa and 12.09 GPa at Р = 20 G increases with an indenter load of 200 G to 18.92 GPa and with a load of 20 G to 21.56 GPa and correspond to the microhardness values of the sprayed powder.

Key words: plasma layered coating, Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni, friction treatment, process power, cylindrical titanium substrate, temperature, microstructure, microhardness.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-66-76

Reference citing:
Kalita V.I., Komlev D.I., Radyuk A.A., Mikhailova A.B. Frikcionnaya obrabotka plazmennogo sloistogo Ni + WS – 12 mass. % Co + Ni + WS – 12 mass. % Co + Ni pokrytiya na cilindricheskoj titanovoj podlozhke [Friction processing of plasma layered Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni + WС – 12 wt. % Co + Ni coating on a cylindrical titanium substrate]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 66 – 76. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-66-76

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Comparative analysis of the influence of xerogel synthesis methods on the physicochemical properties of nanopowders and ceramic materials of the CeO₂ – Dy₂O₃ system

M. V. Kalinina, T. V. Khamova, N. V. Farafonov, N. R. Loktyushkin,
S. V. Myakin, I. Yu. Kruchinina

Highly dispersed mesoporous powders of the composition: (CeO₂)_{1 – x}(Dy₂O₃)_x (x = 0.05; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20) with a specific pore volume of 0.028–0.086 cm3/g and a specific surface area of 22.68 – 66.32 m²/g were synthesized using different methods of liquid-phase synthesis: coprecipitation of hydroxides and cocrystallization of nitrate salts. On their basis, ceramic nanomaterials of a given composition were obtained, which are cubic solid solutions of the fluorite type with a CSR of ~ 78 – 91 nm (1300 °С), with an open porosity in the range of 2–14%, high values of apparent density of 5.87 – 7.05 g/cm³. The different influence of synthesis conditions on the physicochemical properties of ceramic electrolyte materials was revealed. It was shown that the sintering additive ZnO for ceramics obtained by different synthesis methods affects the open porosity and density differently: in the case of using the method of joint crystallization of salts, the open porosity decreased by 3 – 5 times, the density increased. However, for samples synthesized by the method of co-precipitation of hydroxides, the porosity decreased by 2 times, which proves the selective influence of sintering additives. In terms of their physicochemical properties (density, porosity, coefficient of thermal expansion), the obtained ceramic materials are promising as solid oxide electrolytes for medium-temperature fuel cells.

Key words: coprecipitation of hydroxides, joint crystallization of salts, oxides, highly dispersed powders, nanoceramics, density, porosity, fuel cells, electrolyte materials.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-77-88

Reference citing:
Kalinina M.V., Khamova T.V., Farafonov N.V., Loktyushkin N.R., Myakin S.V., Kruchinina I.Yu. Sravnitel'nyj analiz vliyaniya metodov sinteza kserogelej na fiziko-himicheskie svojstva nanoporoshkov i keramicheskih materialov sistemy SeO2 – Dy2O3 [Comparative analysis of the influence of xerogel synthesis methods on the physicochemical properties of nanopowders and ceramic materials of the CeO₂ – Dy₂O₃ system]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 4, pp. 77 – 88. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-4-77-88