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ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

PERSPEKTIVNYE
MATERIALY

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2024, № 12

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of the structures based
on dual-transition-metal MXene

I. A. Zavidovskiy, N. M. Belozerova, A. V. Syuy, D. I. Yakubovsky, D. S. Zimbovskii,
O. O. Kapitanova, G. I. Tselikov, V. N. Nevolin, V. Yu. Fominski, A. V. Arsenin,
A. D. Bolshakov, S. M. Novikov

MXene are promising layered materials that find application as catalysts, sensors, elements of energy-storage systems. They also attract attention due to the possibility of detecting relatively low concentrations of substances using via SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) effect. In this paper, SERS sensors based on commercially available three-component MXene (double-transition-metal MXene) Mo₂TiC₂-O_x are presented. It is shown that the detection limit of rhodamine 6G using SERS sensors is 10^–8 M, which is an order of magnitude higher than the results previously obtained for SERS sensors based on Mo₂TiC₂T_x. The structure of Mo₂TiC₂-O_x is analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The dynamics of the change in the detection limit of rhodamine 6G were studied using SERS sensors based on Mo₂TiC₂-O_x. The data analysis allows us to estimate the contribution of the metal components of the residual precursor to the SERS activity of Mo₂TiC₂-O_x, as well as to identify the degradation pathways of the SERS properties of the MXene. The results are important for understanding the relationship between the SERS activity and the structural properties of MXenes, as well as for assessing the potential of MXene application in the field of SERS sensorics.

Keywords: double-transition-metal MXene, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, rhodamine 6G sensing, degradation of MXene properties, oxidation.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-5-15

Reference citing:
Zavidovskiy I.A., Belozerova N.M., Syuy A.V., Yakubovsky D.I., Zimbovskii D.S., Kapitanova O.O., Tselikov G.I., Nevolin V.N., Fominski V.Yu., Arsenin A.V., Bolshakov A.D., Novikov S.M. Gigantskoe kombinacionnoe rasseyanie struktur na osnove trekhkomponentnogo MXene Mo2TiC2-Ox [Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of the structures based on dual-transition-metal MXene]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 5 – 15. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-5-15

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Structural, morphological and mechanical characteristics
of niobium plasma-sprayed coatings on technical titanium

O. A. Markelova, S. Ya. Pichkhidze, A. A. Fomin

Structural, morphological and mechanical characteristics of niobium coatings obtained by plasma spraying on titanium samples under various technological modes of coating application were studied. The coatings obtained at the plasmatron arc current of 500 ± 5 A and spraying distance of 100 ± 2 mm have a developed microrelief with a sprayed particle size of up to 50 μm, microhardness of 940 – 1315 HV, increased wear resistance to abrasion compared to the original titanium sample by 1.5 times and adhesive strength of up to 16 MPa. For samples with a niobium coating obtained at a spraying distance of 100 mm, the presence of a Ti – Nb solid solution was found, niobium completely covers the titanium base.

Keywords: titanium, niobium, coating, plasma spraying.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-16-24

Reference citing:
Markelova O.A., Pichkhidze S.Ya., Fomin A.A. Strukturno-morfologicheskie i mekhanicheskie harakteristiki niobievyh plazmenno-napylennyh pokrytij na tekhnicheskom titane [Structural, morphological and mechanical characteristics of niobium plasma-sprayed coatings on technical titanium]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 16 – 24. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-16-24

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Characteristics of the interaction of electric arc furnace dust
with biochar during heating in an inert atmosphere

L. Yu. Kovalenko, D. A. Zakharyevich, M. N. Ulyanov, A. G. Makogon, A. P. Anzulevich,
D. A. Pavlov, L. N. Butko, V. A. Tolkachev, D. A. Kalganov, Z. Peng

The study is devoted to the investigation of the processes occurring during the heating of biochar, electric arc furnace (EAF) dust and their mixture at different EAF dust/biochar ratios in an inert atmosphere at temperatures up to 1000 °C. EAF dust/biochar ratios = 70/30, 50/50, 30/70 were considered. According to X-ray phase analysis, the EAF dust contains the phases Zn_0,2Fe_0,8Fe₂O₄ and C. Biochar is amorphous carbon with CaCO₃. Taking into account the data of thermal analysis of pure components (EDF dust and biochar), including flue gas analysis, elemental and X-ray phase analysis data, the processes occurring during the reduction of Zn_0,2Fe_0,8Fe₂O₄ with biochar carbon are described. It was found that when EAF dust/biochar mixtures are heated, dehydration and biochar pyrolysis processes occur in addition to the reduction reactions of metals (zinc and iron). It was found that the reduction of Zn²⁺ from ferrite to Zn⁰ occurs in the temperature range of 620 – 720 °C, Fe³⁺ ions to Fe²⁺ in the temperature range of 720 – 850 °C and Fe²⁺ to Fe⁰ at 850 – 1000 °C. According to the magnitude of mass loss on the thermogravimetric curves in these temperature ranges, taking into account the proposed reduction reactions, the highest yield of reaction products is observed at an EAF dust/biochar ratio of 70/30.

Keywords: recycling, electric arc furnace dust, biochar, ferrite recovery, zinc, iron.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-25-35

Reference citing:
Kovalenko L.Yu., Zakharyevich D.A., Ulyanov M.N., Makogon A.G., Anzulevich A.P., Pavlov D.A., Butko L.N., Tolkachev V.A., Kalganov D.A., Peng Z. Osobennosti vzaimodejstviya pyli elektrodugovyh pechej s biocharom pri nagrevanii v inertnoj atmosfere [Characteristics of the interaction of electric arc furnace dust with biochar during heating in an inert atmosphere]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 25 – 35. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-25-35

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Obtaining advanced materials based on modification
of silicon dioxide isolated from nepheline concentrate
during acid processing

Yu. O. Velyaev, D. V. Mayorov, K. A. Pimenov

The results of research on the production of promising materials synthesized by modifying the surface of amorphous silicon dioxide isolated from nepheline concentrate are presented. Modification was carried out by various functional groups aimed at changing the physico-chemical and structural-surface properties of the surface of the initial silica, namely 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and oleic acid. The results of studies on the study of samples of initial and modified silica by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis and physical adsorption of gases near the boiling point of the adsorbate are presented. The difference in the morphology of the surface of the samples is shown, and a significant change in structural and surface properties is observed (the specific surface area of modified SiO₂ relative to the initial silica (467 m²/g) when using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a modifier decreases by 96 %, and oleic acid by 23 %) and the specific surface charge determined by the method acid-base potentiometric titration (the zero charge point for the initial silica is 5.0, modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 9.9, and oleic acid is 4.4 ). The IR spectroscopy method proved the presence of grafted functional groups on the surface of modified silicas due to the presence in the spectra of the obtained samples of characteristic vibrations characteristic of chemical bonds of modifiers, namely –N-H, –C-N, –C-H and –C-C–. Possible directions for the use of the obtained modified silicas are proposed.

Keywords: nepheline, silicon dioxide, modification, hydrophobization, thermal insulation, anchor groups.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-36-45

Reference citing:
Velyaev Yu.O., Mayorov D.V., Pimenov K.A. Modifikaciya dioksida kremniya, vydelennogo v processe kislotnoj pererabotki nefelinovogo koncentrata [Obtaining advanced materials based on modification of silicon dioxide isolated from nepheline concentrate during acid processing]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 36 – 45. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-36-45

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The effect of diffusion metallisation modes in low melting liquid metal solutions on the formation of Ni-Cr coatings on steels

E. E. Bobylev, I. D. Storozhenko, A. D. Nirov, L. I. Svistun

This paper presents the results of diffusion saturation of the steels 40Cr, 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N, 40Cr13, St3 with nickel and chromium in a Pb-Li melt of eutectic composition. The kinetics of coating formation was evaluated. It was found that on 40Cr and 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steels the coating consisted of a surface carbide layer with a microhardness of 2000 HV_0.01 and a transitional solid-soluble layer. On St3 and 40Cr13 steels, the coating was formed on a solid solution basis with a microhardness of 200 HV_0.01. The elemental composition of the coated materials also influenced the formation of the coating: the coatings were thickest on St3 steel and thinnest on 40Cr13 steel. The chromium content at the surface of the coatings on 40Cr and 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steels was 80 %. The maximum nickel content was found at a depth of 4 – 5 microns and was 21 % for 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steel and 13 % for 40Cr steel. For 40Cr13 and St3 samples, the chromium content was 8% and 14.5 % respectively. At the same time, the nickel content on the surface reached 40 %. It was found that the dependence of the coating thickness on the diffusion saturation temperature is exponential and the dependence of the thickness on time is parabolic. The maximum thickness of the coatings was obtained at a temperature of 1070 °C and an exposure time of 480 minutes. However, as the exposure time was increased, a decrease in the intensity of coating formation was observed.

Keywords: coating, diffusion, nickel, chromium, steel, low melting liquid metal solution, chemical and thermal treatment.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-46-55

Reference citing:
Bobylev E.E., Storozhenko I.D., Nirov A.D., Svistun L.I. Vliyanie rezhimov diffuzionnoj metallizacii v srede legkoplavkih zhidkometallicheskih rastvorov na formirovanie Ni – Cr pokrytij na stalyah [The effect of diffusion metallisation modes in low melting liquid metal solutions on the formation of Ni-Cr coatings on steels]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 46 – 55. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-46-55

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

On the possibility of spheroidizing a powder prepared
from waste NdFeB permanent magnets

I. V. Belyaev, A. V. Samokhin, N. B. Kolchugina, A. A. Fadeev, V. E. Bazhenov,
R. A. Vakhrushev, N. A. Dormidontov, N. P. Edunov

The possibility of spheroidizing a powder prepared by crushing and subsequent milling of scrap of out-of-life sintered NdFeB magnets is studied. The spheroidizing is performed using a setup intended for the plasma spheroidizing of powder materials, which was developed and designed in IMET RAS. A NdFeB powder of fraction 20 to 63 µm is spheroidized in a pure argon atmosphere or an argon-hydrogen gas mixture. When setting spheroidizing conditions, plasma generator power is varied at different plasma jet enthalpy values. The structure and composition of prepared powders are studied by optical and electron microscopy, gas and X-ray fluorescent analyses. After spheroidizing, all particles of the powder material were found to be rounded in shape. In this case, substantial changing the chemical composition is noted. The alloy is enriched in iron and depleted of neodymium, praseodymium, and boron because of the transition of these elements from metallic melt into an oxide slag. The main cause for the slag formation is the oxidized state of the initial powder material, which leads to the formation of oxide slag during plasma melting of powder particles. The decrease in the oxygen and impurity oxygen-containing phase concentrations in the initial Nd-Fe-B powder using for spheroidizing is the necessary and individual research task, the solution of which will determine the preparation of spheroidized powders of required compositions.

Keywords: NdFeB magnets, milling, oxidation, spheroidizing, slag-formation, chemical composition.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-56-66

Reference citing:
Belyaev I.V., Samokhin A.V., Kolchugina N.B., Fadeev A.A., Bazhenov V.E., Vakhrushev R.A., Dormidontov N.A., Edunov N.P. Ocenka vozmozhnosti sferoidizacii poroshka izmel'chennyh otrabotavshih postoyannyh magnitov tipa NdFeB [On the possibility of spheroidizing a powder prepared from waste NdFeB permanent magnets]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 56 – 66. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-56-66

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Production of ceramic materials based
on zirconium dioxide by gel casting method

E. A. Shokodko, A. I. Sitnikov, A.V. Shokodko, A. I. Ogarkov, S. S. Strelnikova,
A. S. Chernyavskii, K. A. Solntsev

The paper presents the results of research on the production of dense ceramics based on zirconium dioxide powder, the results of tests to study the physical and mechanical characteristics of samples, and microstructure studies. Experimentally, the composition of a suspension of zirconium dioxide powder on a water basis was selected. The apparent density of the samples obtained from the suspension after sintering was 5.91 g/cm³, the relative density was 97.7 %. The linear shrinkage of the sintered samples was 22 – 24 %. The bending strength of sintered prismatic samples reached 547 MPa. The microstructure of the sintered samples obtained has been studied, which is characterized by high density and submicron grain size (0.15 – 0.5 µm). Ceramic castings of complex geometric shape (crucible, spring, insulator) were made.

Keywords: zirconium dioxide, gel casting method, technical ceramics.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-67-72

Reference citing:
Shokodko E.A., Sitnikov A.I., Shokodko A.V., Ogarkov A.I., Strelnikova S.S., Chernyavskii A.S., Solntsev K.A. Poluchenie keramicheskih materialov na osnove dioksida cirkoniya metodom gelevogo lit'ya [Production of ceramic materials based on zirconium dioxide by gel casting method]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 67 – 72. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-67-72

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Influence of the size of gas-filled pore and gas pressure
in the pore on the bulk modulus of the material

M. I. Alymov, F. F. Galiev, I. V. Saikov, E. V. Petrov

Currently, there is no direct method for measuring the pressure of gases inside closed pores. The use of various indirect methods for determining the gas pressure in closed pores allows us to assume that this pressure can reach a pressure of thousands of atmospheres. In the work, an equation was derived for the bulk modulus of elasticity of a porous material depending on the pressure in the pore. The expression for the bulk modulus with a solid inclusion is taken as a basis. The paper considers materials with a porosity of 0.1 or less when all pores are closed. To establish the effect of gas pressure in the pores on the elastic modules of the material, a ratio is introduced between the bulk modulus of the material with maximum pressure in the pores and in the absence of gas pressure. It is shown that the maximum pressure in porous materials varies in the range of 100 – 1000 MPa depending on the pore radius. It is established that the value of the bulk modulus in the absence of gas pressure in the pores and at maximum gas pressure differs by less than 1 %. It was also found that an increase in porosity from 0.01 to 0.1 leads to an increase in the ratio of bulk modulus. The measurement of elastic modules of porous bodies can be interesting from the point of view of measuring gas pressure in closed pores.

Keywords: powder metallurgy, porosity, closed pores, pressure in closed pores, elastic modulus, surface tension, strength.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-73-78

Reference citing:
Alymov M.I., Galiev F.F., Saikov I.V., Petrov E.V. Vliyanie razmera gazonapolnennyh por i davleniya gaza v porah na ob"emnyj modul' uprugosti materiala [Influence of the size of gas-filled pore and gas pressure in the pore on the bulk modulus of the material]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2024, no. 12, pp. 73 – 78. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2024-12-73-78

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