Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

PERSPEKTIVNYE
MATERIALY

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2025, № 11

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Chemical composition and tribological properties of diamond-like coatings formed by pulsed laser deposition of carbon in reactive hydrogen sulfide gas

S. N. Grigoriev, D. V. Fominski, V. N. Nevolin, M. A. Volosova,
A. I. Grunin, K. Yu. Maksimova, V. Yu. Fominski

Passivation of free carbon bonds in diamond-like a-C coatings by chemical bonds with sulfur and hydrogen atoms can significantly affect the tribological properties of this type of coatings. In this work, the possibilities of controlled alloying of diamond-like a-C:H:S coatings with S and H elements were investigated using the method of reactive pulsed laser deposition from a carbon target in hydrogen sulfide. It was found that increasing the H₂S pressure from 2 to 20 Pa made it possible to increase the S concentration from 10 to 50 at.%. At the same time, the H concentration was modifed to a lesser extent (from 10 to 18 at. %). A decrease in the coating growth rate with increasing H₂S pressure indicated the interaction of carbon laser plasma with gas molecules, causing both the activation of coating alloying processes and the formation of volatile hydrocarbons. Studying the coatings by the method of micro-Raman spectroscopy showed a significant effect of S atoms on the local packing of C atoms in the coatings. This effect also exerted an important influence on the tribological properties of a-C:H:S coatings deposited on steel substrates. In tribotests using the reciprocating sliding method of a steel ball, the best properties were demonstrated by coatings containing ~ 21 at.% S and ~ 14 at. % H. In humid air, the friction coefficient for these coatings was ~ 0.17, but tribo-induced graphitization of the coating caused relatively rapid wear in the friction pair. In an inert gas (argon), the friction coefficient decreased to a very low value of 0.02 with slight wear of the coating and the counterbody. Under these conditions, graphitization of the a-C:H:S coating occurred only in a thin surface layer (tribofilm), and no noticeable change in the structural state of the coating itself was detected in the wear track. A further increase in the sulfur concentration had a negative effect on the tribological properties of the a-C:H:S coatings.

Keywords: diamond-like coatings, tribological properties, friction coefficient, pulsed laser deposition, reaction medium, elemental composition, sulfur doping, micro-Raman spectroscopy.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-5-16

Reference citing:
Grigoriev S.N., Fominski D.V., Nevolin V.N., Volosova M.A., Grunin A.I., Maksimova K.Yu., Fominski V.Yu. Himicheskij sostav i tribologicheskie svojstva almazopodobnyh pokrytij, sformirovannyh impul'snym lazernym osazhdeniem ugleroda v reakcionnom gaze — serovodorode [Chemical composition and tribological properties of diamond-like coatings formed by pulsed laser deposition of carbon in reactive hydrogen sulfide gas]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 11, pp. 5 – 16. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-5-16

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Effect of composition on viscosity of solutions and structure of highly porous composite materials
alginate – polyvinylpyrrolidone – carbonate hydroxyapatite

A. A. Grechishnikova, E. S. Trofimchuk, A. A. Egorov, O. S. Antonova,
S. K. Dedushenko, I. V. Fadeeva

Composite gels based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and alginate (Alg) with carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) were obtained. Their kinematic and dynamic viscosities were measured. It has been shown that the introduction of CHA in an amount of up to 40 % by weight of polymers leads to a decrease in kinematic viscosity, and the introduction of 50 % by weight. CHA significantly increases it. The dependence of the dynamic viscosity of PVP gels with Alg 1:1 and composite gels is in the nature of pseudoplastic liquids and to a lesser extent depends on the content of CHA. Highly porous composite materials were obtained from composite gels by lyophilization. Their microstructure and porosity were studied and the average pore size was determined. It is shown that the volume fraction of pores decreases from 95 to 70 % by volume and the average pore size decreases from 325 to 166 µms when adding CHA to 40 % by weight. The mechanical properties of composites during compression testing are investigated. They have been shown to exhibit behavior characteristic of macroporous structures. The modulus of elasticity increases from 8 to 184 kPa with an increase in the CHA content from 10 to 50 wt. % It was found that composites exhibit reversible deformation at the level of 98 %. The results obtained provide an understanding of the effect of the composition on the viscosity and porosity of composite materials based on alginate with CHA obtained by lyophilization of the solution. The results of mechanical compression and reversible deformation tests allow us to consider the obtained composites for use in bone grafting.

Keywords: highly porous materials, viscosity, alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbonate hydroxyapatite, compression test.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-17-28

Reference citing:
Grechishnikova A.A., Trofimchuk E.S., Egorov A.A., Antonova O.S., Dedushenko S.K., Fadeeva I.V. Vliyanie sostava na vyazkost' rastvorov i strukturu vysokoporistyh kompozicionnyh materialov al'ginat–polivinilpirrolidon–karbonatgidroksiapatit [Effect of composition on viscosity of solutions and structure of highly porous composite materials alginate – polyvinylpyrrolidone – carbonate hydroxyapatite]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 11, pp. 17 – 28. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-17-28

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Control of mechanical properties of cement composites using modifier additives

А. V. Puzatova, A. D. Kogai, M. A. Dmitrieva, T .S. Khlebtsova

The article discusses the effectiveness of additives of redispersible polymer powder, cellulose ether, calcium formate for controlling the mechanical properties of cement composites. The initial strength of modified cement composite samples at the age of 30 – 90 minutes was determined, their hardening kinetics was studied using isothermal calorimetry. For the most promising samples, the rheological characteristics of the fresh mixture, strength characteristics at late stages of hardening (up to 28 days) were determined, the structure of the samples was analyzed using computed X-ray tomography. Additions of redispersible polymer powder and calcium formate in a dosage of 2 % of the cement mass contribute to improving the compressive strength of cement composites. Both additives increase the strength of samples by 42 – 64 % at the age of 1 day and by 21 – 47 % at the age of 3 days. At the age of 7 days, the addition of 2% calcium formate increases the strength of samples by 32 %, at the age of 28 days — by 15 %. The studied additives increase the viscosity and density of the mixture, while with the addition of 2 % redispersible polymer powder, the start and end times of setting are reduced by 15 minutes. The obtained results allow us to consider the studied additives as effective modifiers of cement composites suitable for construction using additive technologies.

Keywords: cement-based composite material, additives-modifiers, mechanical properties, additive technologies.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-29-40

Reference citing:
Puzatova А.V., Kogai A.D., Dmitrieva M.A., Khlebtsova T.S. Upravlenie mekhanicheskimi svojstvami cementnyh kompozitov s pomoshch'yu dobavok-modifikatorov [Control of mechanical properties of cement composites using modifier additives]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 11, pp. 29 – 40. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-29-40

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Production of ceramic composite materials based on stabilized zirconium dioxide by the free SHS compression method

A. P. Chizhikov, M. S. Antipov, A. S. Konstantinov, P. M. Bazhin

This work is devoted to the study of the process of obtaining materials and products based on zirconium oxide stabilized by yttrium oxide ZrO₂-xY₂O₃-MgO-TiB₂, where x ϵ [0; 9] mol % by the free SHS compression method. In the work, the influence of the process parameters of free SHS compression, namely, the delay time before applying pressure, the rate of deformation of the material and the pressing pressure on the compaction process of the selected objects of study was studied. It was found that there are optimal ranges of the listed process parameters, within which the studied materials have the greatest ability for plastic deformation. In addition, the work shows the influence of the stabilizing additive Y₂O₃ on the process of free SHS compression of the selected objects of study. It was found that the introduction of the stabilizing additive due to an increase in the temperature and combustion rate leads to an increase in the degree of deformation of the studied materials. In addition, the work shows that high-temperature shear deformation of the studied materials promotes the formation of a tetragonal modification of zirconium dioxide in the synthesis products. While in the materials obtained under self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) conditions without applying pressure, monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic modifications of ZrO₂ were observed. It was also found that as a result of free SHS compression, the formation of a texture in the direction perpendicular to the pressure application axis is observed in the structure of the compacted synthesis products.

Keywords: self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, free SHS compression, composite material.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-41-53

Reference citing:
Chizhikov A.P., Antipov M.S., Konstantinov A.S., Bazhin P.M. Poluchenie keramicheskih kompozicionnyh materialov na osnove stabilizirovannogo dioksida cirkoniya metodom svobodnogo SVS-szhatiya [Production of ceramic composite materials based on stabilized zirconium dioxide by the free SHS compression method]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 11, pp. 41 – 53. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-41-53

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The synthesis of functional-gradient material by ultrasonic assisted direct metal depostion process

I. V. Shvarts, S. А. Nikiforov, A. I. Gorunov, А. Kh. Gilmutdinov

The presented work considers the possibility of a functionally gradient material synthesis by ultrasonic assisted direct metal deposition process. A Langevin transducer with a power of 100 W and an intensity of 20 kHz is used as a source of high-frequency oscillations. The transition structure of EuTroLoy 16316D.04 stainless steel to Inconel 625 nickel alloy is studied. Due to the ultrasonic action, it was possible to achieve an equal structure consisting of equiaxed dendrites. The relative compostiion of elements along the central line of the cross section of the samples is analyzed. The effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the content of Fe and Ni is noted, at which smoothing of the elemental composition occurs when passing from one composite composition to the second. Microhardness analysis along the parallel center line of the cross section showed a decrease in microhardness when moving from 100 % Inconel 625 content to 100 % stainless steel content, while the microhardness value obtained with ultrasonic exposure was 5 – 7 % higher than without it.

Keywords: direct metal deposition process, ultrasonic vibrations, functional-gradient material, Inconel 625, EuTroLoy 16316D.04, microstructure, microhardness, elemental composition.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-54-62

Reference citing:
Shvarts I.V., Nikiforov S.А., Gorunov A.I., Gilmutdinov А.Kh. Sintez funkcional'no-gradientnogo materiala metodom pryamogo lazernogo vyrashchivaniya s ul'trazvukovym vozdejstviem [The synthesis of functional-gradient material by ultrasonic assisted direct metal depostion process]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 11, pp. 54 – 62. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-54-62

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Production of aluminum powders and aluminum-based composites
in a high-speed arc discharge plasma jet

D. S. Nikitin, A. Nassyrbayev, I. I. Shanenkov, A. I. Tsimmerman, A. A. Sivkov

The present work proposes a unified strategy for the production of aluminum powders and aluminum matrix composites in a high-speed arc discharge plasma jet. During the acceleration of the plasma jet in a coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator, the material of the metal electrode system is obtained by an electrical erosion, allowing the production of aluminum powders with a polymodal particle size distribution. In addition, it is possible to introduce reinforcing particles into the metal matrix in the form of boron carbide, which is placed into a plasma structure formation channel. As a result, composite powder materials were obtained with a mass concentration of solid carbide from 6.0 to 14.4 % uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. Preliminary plasma chemical treatment of the metal matrix and the reinforcing component produces positive effects for the subsequent sintering of the composites. High levels of densification (up to 99 %) and mechanical properties (140 – 215 HV) of bulk samples compared to standard materials (40 – 47 HV) were achieved. The proposed method of in-situ joining of metal matrix (aluminum) and reinforcing ceramic component (superhard carbide) allows us to avoid the disadvantages of the more common ex-situ approach (high porosity, recrystallisation, non-uniform particle distribution and agglomeration) and to improve the final properties of both pure metal products and metal matrix composites.

Keywords: powders, aluminum, boron carbide, metal matrix composites, spark plasma sintering, reinforcement, microhardness.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-63-76

Reference citing:
Nikitin D.S., Nassyrbayev A., Shanenkov I.I., Tsimmerman A.I., Sivkov A.A. Poluchenie poroshkov alyuminiya i kompozitov na ego osnove v vysokoskorostnoj strue plazmy dugovogo razryada [Production of aluminum powders and aluminum-based composites in a high-speed arc discharge plasma jet]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 11, pp. 63 – 76. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-63-76

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Chemical vapor deposition of tungsten borides

A. V. Poligenko, K. M. Osipov, E. A. Ruban, A. A. Shaporenkov, V. V. Dushik

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows to synthesis protective and functional coatings, based on various materials, such as: refractory metals, non-metallic and organic substances. This method has several key-features that distinguish chemical vapor deposition from other coating methods. In particular, the CVD process allows obtaining coatings based on refractory materials at 30-35% of their melting temperature, which can be used to process materials with much lower melting temperatures. This paper presents the results of experiments on the synthesis of tungsten boride (WB), as part of the W-C-B system. The schematic diagram of the working unit and the synthesis modes are described. The phase composition of the obtained samples was analyzed, and a possible mechanism for the formation of solid layers from a gas mixture of reagents is proposed.

Keywords: tungsten, boron, tungsten borides, chemical vapor deposition, protective and functional coatings.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-77-86

Reference citing:
Poligenko A.V., Osipov K.M., Ruban E.A., Shaporenkov A.A., Dushik V.V. Sintez faz sistemy W – C – B metodom himicheskogo osazhdeniya iz gazovoj fazy [Chemical vapor deposition of tungsten borides]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2025, no. 11, pp. 77 – 86. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-11-77-86