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Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Oxide layers with segmentation cracks in thermal barrier coatings. Review and analysis

V. I. Kalita, D. I. Komlev, A. A. Radyuk

Currently, oxide layers in thermal barrier coatings are formed with a defective structure, porous or with segmentation cracks specially created perpendicular to the substrate, which reduce residual stresses during thermal cycling. To analyze the possibility of forming segmentation cracks in thermal barrier coatings by plasma spraying, three engineering criteria describing their production were used in this work: 1) the specific enthalpy of the plasma jet — Neff/Q — is the ratio of the effective power of the plasma torch (Neff) to the flow rate of plasma-forming gases (Q); 2) Neff /(Q d) is the ratio of the specific enthalpy of the plasma jet to the average particle size of the sprayed powder (d); and 3) linear energy — the ratio (Neff·K)/(V·B) — where K is the coefficient determining the residual effective power at the spraying distance, V is the speed of movement of the plasma torch relative to the substrate, B is the coating width in one pass. The second and third criteria determine the temperature of the sprayed particles and the temperature of the coating in the spray spot. These two temperatures determine the cohesive strength and the possibility of segmentation crack formation. By approximating literature data, equations were derived describing the dependence of the number of segmentation cracks on the values of the proposed criteria, the substrate temperature, and the average size of the sprayed particles. As a first approximation, the proposed ratios Neff/(Q·d) and (Neff·K)/(V·B) can be used when selecting spraying modes at the initial stage of experimental planning. For example, by increasing the value of the second criterion to 400 GJ/(kg·m) and the third criterion to 350 kJ/m2, the average number of segmentation cracks increases to 5 per 1 mm of coating length.

Keywords: thermal barrier oxide coatings, segmentation cracks, overview.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-5-20

Reference citing:
Kalita V.I., Komlev D.I., Radyuk A.A. Oksidnye sloi s segmentacionnymi treshchinami v termobar'ernyh pokrytiyah. Obzor i analiz [Oxide layers with segmentation cracks in thermal barrier coatings. Review and analysis]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 5 – 20. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-5-20

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Study of the properties of Ti3O5 powder synthesized by reduction of rutile TiO2 powder in hydrogen flow

T. N. Smetyuhova, L. A. Arbanas, A. N. Khrustalev, A. A. Kholodkova,
A. D. Sokolov, I. A. Chmutin, I. A. Zaletova, A. A. Ashmarin

The paper presents a comprehensive study of trititanium pentoxide powder Ti3O5 synthesized by reduction of rutile TiO2 powder in hydrogen flow. The temperature stability limits of the β-, λ-, and α-phases for the obtained Ti3O5 powder are determined. The values of permittivity of 11 – 12,5 and the dielectric loss tangent of 0,39 – 0,45 are determined for β-Ti3O5 in the gigahertz frequency range for a powder with an average particle size of 3 – 6 μm. The ability of a composite material based on radio-transparent thermoplastic polyurethane and 33 % of the β-Ti3O5 phase absorbing electromagnetic radiation to absorb microwave radiation is studied. The fundamental possibility of using the previously developed technology of synthesis of β-Ti3O5 by the method of reduction of rutile TiO2 powder with hydrogen in the creation of microwave-absorbing composite materials based on β-Ti3O5 is shown.

Keywords: Ti3O5-trititanium pentoxide, polymorphic transformations, absorbing composite materials, microwaves.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-21-28

Reference citing:
Smetyuhova T.N., Arbanas L.A., Khrustalev A.N., Kholodkova A.A., Sokolov A.D., Chmutin I.A., Zaletova I.A., Ashmarin A.A. Issledovanie svojstv poroshka Ti3O5, poluchennogo vosstanovleniem poroshka rutila TiO2 v potoke vodoroda [Study of the properties of Ti₃O₅ powder synthesized by reduction of rutile TiO₂ powder in hydrogen flow]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 21 – 28. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-21-28

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Photocurable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol diacrylate with controlled stiffness for regenerative medicine

V. A. Bitanova, A. M. Murashko, D. S. Larionov, U. D. Dyachkova, A. Yu. Efimenko,
I. M. Scherbakov, B. E. Dubrov, P. V. Evdokimov, V. I. Putlayev

The paper presents the results of the study of hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), a photocurable derivative of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The influence of PEGDA molecular weight and composition of polymerized solutions on the properties of the obtained hydrogels, including the swelling ratio, photosensitivity, mechanical characteristics and biocompatibility, has been studied. Special attention is paid to the possibility of adjusting the mechanical properties of hydrogels to constuct composite materials with controlled stiffness, promising in the field of regenerative medicine.

Keywords: hydrogel, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 3D-printing, regenerative medicine.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-29-40

Reference citing:
Bitanova V.A., Murashko A.M., Larionov D.S., Dyachkova U.D., Efimenko A.Yu., Scherbakov I.M., Dubrov B.E., Evdokimov P.V., Putlayev V.I. Fotootverzhdaemye gidrogeli na osnove polietilenglikol' diakrilata s kontroliruemoj zhestkost'yu dlya regenerativnoj mediciny [Photocurable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol diacrylate with controlled stiffness for regenerative medicine]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 29 – 40. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-29-40.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Flame-retardant coatings based on epoxy resin of “cold” curing

Y. M. Yevtushenko, S. Kh. Toirov, V. A. Ushkov, A. A. Berlin, A. G. Galchenko

The synergistic effects of reducing the flammability of cold-cured epoxy resin using nonstoichiometric phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants have been studied. It is shown that the effect of reducing flammability in determining the oxygen index and the rating of resistance to combustion is achieved by the formation of a protective layer of char. This effect is used to produce intumescent flame retardant coatings. Optimal ratios of phosphorus and nitrogen-containing precursors of flame retardants have been found. This made it possible to exclude pentaerythritol as a carbon source, which inhibits the “cold” curing of epoxy resins. The polymer matrix acts as a carbon source, which determines the reduction of degradation products in case of fire.

Keywords: synergistic effect, epoxy resin, flame retardant, flame retardant coatings, oxygen index, rating of resistance to burning.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-41-49

Reference citing:
Yevtushenko Y.M., Toirov S.Kh., Ushkov V.A., Berlin A.A., Galchenko A.G. Ognezashchitnye pokrytiya na osnove epoksidnoj smoly “holodnogo” otverzhdeniya [Flame-retardant coatings based on epoxy resin of “cold” curing]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 41 – 49. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-41-49.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Influence of amino-derived modifiers on the properties of ED-20 epoxy composite

M. I. Shatirova, U. Sh. Jafarova, G. M. Mammadova

The influence of N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (I), N-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-ylmethyl)-N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (II), N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)methyl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (III), N-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2-methyl-N-(prop-2-ynyl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (IV), 2-chloro-N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-(prop-2-ynyl)prop-2-en-1-amine (V), and 2-chloro-N-(prop-2-ylmethyl)-N-(thiiran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-amine (VI) in amounts of 10, 20, and 30 parts by weight on the key physicomechanical (flexural strength, Vicat heat resistance) and dielectric properties (dielectric permittivity ε) of the resulting thermosetting materials was studied. The results showed that the introduction of compounds (II), (IV), and (VI) leads to a pronounced improvement in strength and thermal resistance of the compositions (up to 70 MPa and 130 °C at 20 parts by weight in the case of IV), which is attributed to the high reactivity of their structural fragments. In contrast, compounds (I) and (III) provide a moderate decrease in dielectric permittivity (ε ≤ 3.5) compared to other modified compositions and the control sample (ε ≈ 3.6–3.8), which may be advantageous in the development of materials with reduced dielectric losses. Comparative analysis highlighted compound (IV) as the most effective modifier in terms of the overall balance of properties, compound (II) as a strength-enhancing additive, and compound (VI) as a well-balanced modifier ensuring simultaneous improvement of all studied characteristics. These findings demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the performance of epoxy compositions through the structural design of amine modifiers, opening prospects for the development of advanced functional materials with targeted performance parameters.

Keywords: epoxy composition, modifiers, strength, heat resistance, dielectric properties, epoxy oligomer.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-50-56

Reference citing:
Shatirova M.I., Jafarova U.Sh., Mammadova G.M. Vliyanie aminoproizvodnyh modifikatorov na svojstva epoksidnoj kompozicii ED-20 [Influence of amino-derived modifiers on the properties of ED-20 epoxy composite]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 50 – 56. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-50-56.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Electrodeposition and properties of electroplating with tin-zinc alloy from alkaline electrolyte

S. Yu. Kireev, S. N. Kireeva, G. V. Kozlov, A. Z. Yangurazova,
Yu. N. Kirilina, A. S. Balyberdin

This paper presents the results of developing a technology for electrodeposition of tin-zinc (Sn–Zn) alloy coatings from an alkaline electrolyte. The study aims to replace toxic cadmium and lead coatings with an environmentally friendly alternative while maintaining functional performance. The optimal electrolyte composition was determined: Na2SnO3 (0.14 – 0.16 mol/l), ZnO (0.05 – 0.07 mol/l), NaOH (90 – 110 g/l), sodium citrate (10 – 15 g/l), and sodium lauryl sulfate (0.8 – 1.2 g/l). Deposition parameters were established as follows: current density of 1.0 – 1.2 A/dm2, temperature of 40 – 45 °C, and pH 11.0 – 11.5, achieving a coating growth rate of 12 – 15 μm/h. At a current density of 1.0 A/dm2 and temperature of 40 °C, the zinc content in the coating reached 30 %, enabling cathodic protection of the substrate and the formation of a barrier layer. The maximum current efficiency (78 – 82 %) was achieved with 10 g/l sodium citrate and 1 g/l sodium lauryl sulfate. The coatings exhibited corrosion resistance exceeding 1000 hours in a 3.5 % NaCl solution and 600 – 800 hours in salt spray conditions, microhardness of 880 – 1177 MPa, a friction coefficient of 0.2 – 0.3, and transition resistance of 15 – 25 μΩ·cm. The addition of sodium citrate improved the deposit morphology, while sodium lauryl sulfate reduced surface roughness and suppressed hydrogen evolution. The study demonstrates that Sn–Zn coatings surpass traditional Sn–Pb counterparts in corrosion resistance and environmental safety.

Keywords: galvanic coatings, electrodeposition, tin-zinc alloy (Sn–Zn), alkaline electrolyte, lead-free coatings, RoHS directive, corrosion resistance.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-57-66

Reference citing:
Kireev S.Yu., Kireeva S.N., Kozlov G.V., Yangurazova A.Z., Kirilina Yu.N., Balyberdin A.S. Elektroosazhdenie i svojstva gal'vanicheskih pokrytij splavom olovo-cink iz shchelochnogo elektrolita [Electrodeposition and properties of electroplating with tin-zinc alloy from alkaline electrolyte]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 57 – 66. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-57-66

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Iron aluminide-reinforced aluminum matrix composite produced by multi-pass friction stir processing

E. O. Knyazhev, A. V. Chumaevskii, N. L. Savchenko, A. M. Cheremnov, S. Yu. Tarasov, E. A. Kolubaev

The structural evolution and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloy after multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) with the addition of 5, 10, and 15 vol. % iron powder were studied. With an increase in the number of FSP passes, iron-containing particles are crushed and more uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. Diffusion interaction between Al and Fe during FSP leads to the formation of intermetallic compounds of the Al6Fe and Al13Fe4 types. In-situ diffusion reaction between Al and Fe does not complete even after four FSP passes, since iron particles in the Al–Fe intermetallic shell are still present in the stir zone. After 4-pass FSP, a uniform distribution of intermetallic compounds of the Al6Fe and Al13Fe4 types was achieved in the stir zone, which made it possible to increase the microhardness by two times compared to the as-received alloy. The tensile strength of the composites also increased while reducing their ductility. Potential applications of the resulting composites may be related to their improved strength characteristics, for example, in the aerospace and automotive industries.

Keywords: friction stir processing, aluminum-magnesium alloy, iron, powder, composite material, structure, mechanical properties, XRD-analysis.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-67-75

Reference citing:
Knyazhev E.O., Chumaevskii A.V., Savchenko N.L., Cheremnov A.M., Tarasov S.Yu., Kolubaev E.A. Armirovannyj alyuminidami zheleza alyumomatrichnyj kompozit, izgotovlennyj metodom mnogoprohodnoj frikcionnoj peremeshivayushchej obrabotki [Iron aluminide-reinforced aluminum matrix composite produced by multi-pass friction stir processing]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 67 – 75. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-67-75

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

X-ray diffraction investigation of the structure of samarium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide with additives of calcium and strontium oxides

V. P. Sirotinkin, L. I. Podzorova, A. A. Il’icheva, N. A. Mikhailina, O. I. Pen’kova

The Rietveld method was used to perform a structural study of the surface of the samples sintered at 1050 and 1400 °C, consisting of zirconium dioxide stabilized in tetragonal form with samarium oxide (3 mol. %), without a modifier and with the modifiers: calcium oxide (1 mol. %) or strontium oxide (1 mol. %). The addition of calcium and strontium oxides has little effect on the structure of ceramic samples. The samples sintered at 1050 °C contain only one tetragonal form of zirconium dioxide. In the samples sintered at 1400 °C, in addition to the tetragonal one, there is a cubic form of zirconium dioxide. The microstructural characteristics of the samples (coherent scattering domains size and strain) were determined from the profiles of individual diffraction peaks. Adding modifiers does not make significant changes.

Keywords: zirconium oxide, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld method, phase composition, microstructural characteristics.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-76-84

Reference citing:
Sirotinkin V.P., Podzorova L.I., Il’icheva A.A., Mikhailina N.A., Pen’kova O.I. Issledovanie metodami rentgenovskoj difrakcii struktury stabilizirovannogo oksidom samariya dioksida cirkoniya s dobavkami oksidov kal'ciya i stronciya [X-ray diffraction investigation of the structure of samarium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide with additives of calcium and strontium oxides]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 2, pp. 76 – 84. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-2-76-84