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ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

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Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Formation of bismuth nanocrystals on sapphire substrates

G. N. Kozhemyakin, Yu. S. Belov, V. V. Artemov, I. S. Volchkov,
E. I. Kharchenko, K. A. Korsunov

Bismuth nanocrystals and microcrystals were condensed on the sapphire substrates by thermal evaporation in an Ar atmosphere. The shape, size and number of Bi nanocrystals were determined by intelligent image analysis. Most of Bi nanocrystals condensed after deposition for 10 s on the sapphire substrates had hexagonal and rhombohedral shapes, which indicates the influence of a low temperature gradient at the nanocrystal-substrate interface and physicochemical interaction with the sapphire substrate, which has a similar structure. The increase of deposition time from 10 s to 20 s increased the sizes of most condensed Bi nanocrystals from 20 – 40 nm to 30 – 90 nm and promoted the formation of the microcrystals up to 160 nm. Two-layer Bi crystallites were observed at deposition time more than 15 s. Bi nanodisks and microdisks with a vertical orientation of flat surface toward the sapphire substrate surface condensed at deposition times of 15 s and 20 s. This orientation of disk-shaped crystallites is the result of anisotropy of Bi thermal conductivity and high thermal conductivity of sapphire, which affect the condensation process with the increase of the temperature gradient at the crystallite-substrate interface due to the increase of heat flux with Bi atom evaporation. X-ray images of the samples confirmed the shapes of Bi crystallites with orientation similar to the structure of Bi and the sapphire substrate and revealed Bi2O3 oxide on their surface, which was formed due to interaction with oxygen on the substrate surface and in the atmosphere during their storage.

Keyword: Bi, nanocrystals, microcrystals, sapphire, substrates, thermal evaporation, SEM-image, intellectual image analysis.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-5-13

Reference citing:
Kozhemyakin G.N., Belov Yu.S., Artemov V.V., Volchkov I.S., Kharchenko E.I., Korsunov K.A. Formoobrazovanie nanokristallov vismuta na podlozhkah sapfira [Formation of bismuth nanocrystals on sapphire substrates ]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 3, pp. 5 – 13. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-5-13

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Elastic and relaxation properties of V and low-activated alloys V-W-Cr, V-W-Cr-Zr, V-Ta-Cr-Zr and V-4Cr-4Ti

K. A. Moroz, V. M. Chernov, M. M. Potapenko, B. K. Kardashev

The elastic dynamic Young’s moduli (YM) and relaxation (amplitude-independent internal friction) properties of V and low-activated vanadium alloys (V-W-Cr, V-W-Cr-Zr, V-Ta-Cr-Zr, V-4Cr-4Ti) were studied in the frequency-temperature ranges (0,5 – 30,0 Hz, 25 – 400 °С) and (100 kHz, –170 – 20 °С). The diffusion characteristics (diffusion activation energies, relaxation times, diffusion coefficients) and solid-solution concentrations of interstitial atoms C, O, N in the studied materials were determined. No solid solution of C was detected in V and alloys. No solid-solution concentration of O and N was detected in the V-4Cr-4Ti alloy. Zr alloying (V-W-Cr-Zr, V-Ta-Cr-Zr) significantly reduces the solid-solution concentration of interstitial elements O and N. In the alloys, the YM values can be both lower and higher than the YM values in V depending on the alloy type (alloying system, concentrations of C, O, N) and temperature. The lowest YM values are observed in the V-4Ti-4Cr alloy at all temperatures. The highest YM is found in the V-W-Cr-Zr alloy. In the room temperature range, the YM values obtained by low-frequency dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and ultrasonic resonance vibrations (100 kHz) are in good agreement (differences ≤ 2 %). Approximating expressions for linear YM dependencies (without relaxation) are obtained for the materials under study. The values of YM defects increases with increasing the solid-solution concentration of O and N. The levels of dynamic drag of dislocations (viscous drag coefficients) which determine the cold brittleness of the studied materials were determined. The V-Ta-Cr-Zr alloy is the least cold brittle.

Keywords: vanadium, low-activated alloys V-W-Cr, V-Cr-W-Zr, V-Cr-Ta-Zr, V-4Cr-4Ti, internal friction, elastic moduli (Young), solid solutions (C, O, N), concentrations, diffusion characteristics, dynamic braking of dislocations, cold brittleness.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-14-33

Reference citing:
Moroz K.A., Chernov V.M., Potapenko M.M., Kardashev B.K. Uprugie i relaksacionnye svojstva V i maloaktiviruemyh splavov V-W-Cr, V-W-Cr-Zr, V-Ta-Cr-Zr i V-4Cr-4Ti [Elastic and relaxation properties of V and low-activated alloys V-W-Cr, V-W-Cr-Zr, V-Ta-Cr-Zr and V-4Cr-4Ti]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 3, pp. 14 – 33. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-14-33

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Analysis of pH-sensitive alginate shell formation processes and their impact
on the stability of inorganic particles in model conditions

Yu. N. Vlasicheva, A. O. Kuznetsov, E. V. Lengert, A.V. Ermakov

This paper examines the process of forming particles with a core-shell structure using mesoporous vaterite particles coated with pH-sensitive forms of alginate. Factors of particle stability, such as surface potential, aggregative stability, dissolution, etc., are studied in detail, and the loading capacity of particles and release profiles of model compounds under model conditions of the body at different pH values are assessed. The study demonstrates that the resulting shells on the surface of vaterite particles exhibit pH-sensitive behavior, enabling not only the regulation of the release of the encapsulated compound in different environments but also the stabilization of vaterite particles under simulated body conditions. As a result, alginate facilitates an increase in the zeta potential of particles, ensuring their colloidal stability over time. Furthermore, such shells exhibited the stabilizing effect on the polymorph modification of calcium carbonate particles at neutral pH and a reduction in the dissolution of particles at low pH. Thus, the data obtained indicate the stabilization of vaterite particles under model body conditions at different pH values, while maintaining the possibility of release of the encapsulated substance in a pH-dependent mode. The findings suggest the potential use of the obtained structures as drug carriers in various drug delivery systems.

Keywords: biomedicine, drug carriers, encapsulation, pH sensitivity, calcium carbonate.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-34-45

Reference citing:
Vlasicheva Yu.N., Kuznetsov A.O., Lengert E.V., Ermakov A.V. Issledovanie vliyaniya rH-chuvstvitel'nyh al'ginatnyh obolochek na poverhnosti mikrochastic vaterita na ih ustojchivost' v model'nyh sredah [Analysis of pH-sensitive alginate shell formation processes and their impact on the stability of inorganic particles in model conditions ]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 3, pp.34 – 45. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-34-45

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Preparation and properties of film materials on the basis of starch
and chitosan modified with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide

E. V. Salomatina, M. S. Maslennikova, D. G. Fukina,
D. M. Zarubin, O. N. Smirnova, L. A. Smirnova

One of the solutions to the problem of environmental pollution from packaging waste is to obtain biodegradable composites based on natural polysaccharides. In this work, composites based on mixtures of starch and chitosan were obtained. The combination of polysaccharides in aqueous solution was achieved by modification of starch by graft polymerisation with acrylamide. The properties of the blended composites — structural, physicochemical, antibacterial, biodegradability — were investigated. The composition was supplemented with TiO2 nanoparticles of ~ 200 nm size. Polysaccharide-based films containing TiO2 nanoparticles are characterised by increased tensile strength properties compared to the original ones. The optimum content of TiO2 in the films was 2 wt. %, giving a value of 47 MPa at an elongation of 7.6 %. The introduction of glycerol as a plasticiser in the composition of the material allowed to increase its elasticity up to 13 % with a tensile strength of 38 MPa. The thermophysical properties of the compositions were investigated by DSC and DMA methods. The films are characterised by low gas permeability to oxygen, UV barrier properties, antibacterial activity against S. Aureus and E. Coli and are biodegradable. Treatment of the surface of the films with monolayers of hydrophobic agents provided their hydrophobicity and increased the wetting angle with water up to 106°. The composition is promising as a biodegradable packaging material for food products, significantly increasing their shelf life.

Keywords: films, chitosan, starch-acrylamide copolymer, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, packaging materials, biodegradation.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-46-61

Reference citing:
Salomatina E.V., Maslennikova M.S., Fukina D.G., Zarubin D.M., Smirnova O.N., Smirnova L.A. Poluchenie i svojstva plenochnyh materialov na osnove krahmala i hitozana, modificirovannyh nanochasticami dioksida titana [Preparation and properties of film materials on the basis of starch and chitosan modified with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 3, pp.46 – 61. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-46-61

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Study and comparison of properties of fluoroplastic composites obtained
by different methods of plastic deformation of polymer blanks

M. A. Markova, P. N. Petrova, S. N. Popov

This study continues the cycle of works on the development of high-strength materials using plastic deformation of polymer blanks by various methods. In this work we studied the dependence of deformation and strength characteristics of polymer composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon fibers of UVIS-AK-P grade on the technology of their production. The tensile strength (MPa), relative elongation at break (%), elastic modulus (MPa) and creep modulus at a stress of 5 MPa were investigated. In this work a new method of plastic deformation (3) with the use of hot rollers is considered, as a result of which composites have a significant increase not only in tensile strength, but also in relative elongation at break, which determines the plasticity of the material, as well as resistance to deformation under static load. To evaluate the performance of the developed composites, the dimensional stability of the samples and changes in physical and mechanical characteristics under thermal cycling in the temperature range from –50 to +50 °С were investigated. The coefficients of linear thermal expansion (LTE) of PTFE and composites under heating up to 140 °С were also investigated and calculated. The results showed that the developed composites, despite the increase in LTR, are characterized by the preservation of deformation and strength properties after thermal exposure, which is important for the reliable operation of parts in mechanical engineering.

Keywords: polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon fibers, polymer composite materials, plastic deformation, physical and mechanical properties, creep, thermal cycling, shrinkage, temperature effects.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-62-74

Reference citing:
Markova M.A., Petrova P.N., Popov S.N Issledovanie i sravnenie svojstv ftoroplastovyh kompozitov, poluchennyh raznymi sposobami plasticheskogo deformirovaniya polimernyh zagotovok [Study and comparison of properties of fluoroplastic composites obtained by different methods of plastic deformation of polymer blanks ]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 3, pp. 62 – 74. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-62-74

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

SHS of silicon carbide in nitrogen using carbon fibers as a carbon source

V. V. Zakorzhevsky, M. I. Alymov, N. I. Mukhina, N. S. Shibakova, M. Yu. Senkovenko

Research has been conducted on obtaining silicon carbide by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). To ensure the necessary energy of the process, the synthesis was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere. A special feature of this study is the use of carbon fibers as a carbon source. It has been established that during synthesis in nitrogen, the synthesis product is predominantly formed in the form of rounded conglomerates consisting of pointed wedge-shaped particles. X-ray phase analysis showed the predominant formation of silicon carbide of cubic syngony.

Keywords: self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), silicon carbide, morphology, carbon fibers.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-75-80

Reference citing:
Zakorzhevsky V.V., Alymov M.I., Mukhina N.I., Shibakova N.S., Senkovenko M.Yu. SVS karbida kremniya v azote s ispol'zovaniem uglerodnyh volokon v kachestve istochnika ugleroda [SHS of silicon carbide in nitrogen using carbon fibers as a carbon source ]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 3, pp. 75 – 80. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-75-80

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Study of impurity composition of germanium tetrachloride
with natural isotopic composition and modified
with 72Ge isotope by chromato-mass spectrometry

A. Yu. Sozin, O. Yu. Chernova, T. G. Sorochkina, O. Yu. Troshin,
A. Yu. Lashkov, V. A. Koshkin, A. A. Merzlyakova

The impurity composition of germanium tetrachloride with natural isotopic composition and enriched with 72Ge isotope was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry. A DB-5MS 30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm chromatographic column with methylsiloxane was used to separate impurities. Their identification was carried out by comparing mass spectra with those known from the literature. Impurities of permanent gases, chlorine-containing hydrocarbons C1–C2, silicon tetrafluoride and dimethyl difluoride, and methyl germanium trichloride were detected. The detection limits of the indicated impurities are at the level of 3·10–5 –2·10–6 vol. %. Their concentrations in germanium tetrachloride samples after synthesis were determined. Mass spectra of 72GeCl4 and natGeCl3CH3, which are absent from literature sources, were obtained and described.

Keywords: germanium tetrachloride, isotopes, impurities, identification, mass spectra, chromatograph mass spectrometry.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-81-88

Reference citing:
Sozin A.Yu., Chernova O.Yu., Sorochkina T.G., Troshin O.Yu., Lashkov A.Yu., Koshkin V.A., Merzlyakova A.A. Issledovanie primesnogo sostava tetrahlorida germaniya prirodnogo izotopnogo sostava i obogashchennogo izotopom 72Ge metodom hromato-mass-spektrometrii [Study of impurity composition of germanium tetrachloride with natural isotopic composition and modified with ⁷²Ge isotope by chromato-mass spectrometry   ]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 3, pp. 81 – 88. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-3-81-88