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Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Features of the formation of polarization properties structure
and microstructure in [Ba1–xNax][Ti1–yZryNbx]O3 solid solutions
in the phase instability region

V. A. Bobylev, D. V. Volkov, I. A. Verbenko, L. A. Shilkina,
L. A. Reznichenko, A. V. Nazarenko

The physicochemical properties of solid solutions [Ba1-xNax][Ti1-y-xZryNbx]O3 with varying concentrations of NaNbO3 (x = 0.02, 0.04) and BaZrO3 (y = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10) were investigated. The samples were synthesized via a two-stage solid-state reaction method with preliminary mechanoactivation. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all samples possess a perovskite-like structure with minor impurity phases. Increasing the Z4+ concentration leads to broadening of diffraction peaks and the appearance of diffusion maxima, this may indicate modulation effects and inhomogeneous cation distribution (Zr4+, Ti4+, Nb5+). The unit cell parameter monotonically increases from 4.009 to 4.037 Å as Zr4+ content rises from 0 mol. % to 10 mol. %. The relative density of the ceramics reaches a maximum of 88.50 % at y = 0.10. SEM analysis revealed an underdeveloped fine-grained microstructure (average grain size ≈ 2 μm) with pronounced porosity, attributed to low-melting eutectics forming a liquid phase during sintering. Studies of dielectric hysteresis loops demonstrate an increase in total energy density from 0.998 to 1.551 J/cm3, accompanied by a sharp decrease in energy efficiency from 56.1% to 10.8% with increasing Zr4+ content. The highest energy storage density is expected in the concentration range 0 ≤ y < 0.05. The obtained results can be applied to the development of lead-free ceramics based on BaTi(1-y)ZryO3.

Keywords: barium zirconate titanate, sodium niobate, energy storage materials, lead-free materials.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-5-13

Reference citing:
Bobylev V.A., Volkov D.V., Verbenko I.A., Shilkina L.A., Reznichenko L.A., Nazarenko A.V. Osobennosti formirovaniya struktury i mikrostruktury, polyarizacionnyh svojstv v tverdyh rastvorah [Ba1–xNax][Ti1–yZryNbx]O3 v oblasti fazovoj nestabil'nosti [Features of the formation of polarization properties structure and microstructure in [Ba_1–xNa_x][Ti_1–yZr_yNb_x]O₃ solid solutions in the phase instability region]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp. 5 – 13. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-5-13

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Flexible polymer composite for radiation protection based on rubber with rare earth metal oxides

N. I. Cherkashina, V. I. Pavlenko, G. G. Bondarenko, R. V. Sidelnikov

This paper presents the synthesis of a flexible polymer composite for radiation protection based on a rubber matrix and rare-earth metal oxides (Dy2O3 and Gd2O3), designed for creating radiation-shielding screens and personal protective equipment (PPE). The physico-mechanical characteristics were investigated: compositions with dysprosium oxide exhibit a density ranging from 1,31 to 2,44 g/cm3, tensile strength from 6,06 to 1,72 MPa. In contrast, compositions with gadolinium oxide show a density of 1,27 – 2,40 g/cm3, tensile strength of 5,81 – 0,93 MPa. The microstructure of the composite’s surface and cross-section was studied, revealing uniform filler distribution. However, gadolinium oxide addition leads to agglomerate formation up to 50 μm in size. Based on experimental data obtained after gamma irradiation (²⁰⁷Bi: E = 0,570 MeV; ¹³⁷Cs: E = 0,662 MeV; ⁶⁰Co: E = 1,252 MeV), the linear attenuation coefficients (0,251; 0,235; 0,201 cm–1 for KDy60 and 0,226; 0,214; 0,176 cm–1 for KGd60) and mass attenuation coefficients (0,102; 0,096; 0.082 cm2/g for KDy60 and 0,094; 0,089; 0,073 cm2/g for KGd60) were calculated. Increasing the filler content enhances radiation-shielding properties, with dysprosium oxide compositions demonstrating superior performance.

Keywords: flexible polymer composite, radiation shielding, rare-earth metal oxides, rubber.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-14-26

Reference citing:
Cherkashina N.I., Pavlenko V.I., Bondarenko G.G., Sidelnikov R.V. Gibkij polimernyj kompozit na osnove kauchuka s oksidami redkozemel'nyh metallov dlya zashchity ot radiacii [Flexible polymer composite for radiation protection based on rubber with rare earth metal oxides]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp. 14 – 26. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-14-26

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Calcium phosphate compounds doped with magnesium, stroncium, and barium ion for enhanced osteointegration of bone implants

I. V. Smirnov, A. Yu. Teterina, P. V. Smirnova, M. A. Shlykov, V. I. Kalita, V. S. Komlev

The study proposes a methodology for creating bioactive coatings for implants. The coating consists of a plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite layer with an overlying transitional layer of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. This transitional layer is subsequently hydrolyzed to form an octacalcium phosphate doped with divalent metal ions (where Me = Mg2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). Using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, it was established that strontium cations isomorphically substitute calcium in the octacalcium phosphate structure. In contrast, magnesium and barium ions inhibit the phase transformation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate into octacalcium phosphate, leading to the formation of amorphous phases. In vitro studies in a simulated physiological environment SBF demonstrated the ability of magnesium-, barium-, and strontium-doped octacalcium phosphate-based coatings to undergo biomineralization. This indicates their enhanced bioactive potential compared to bioinert hydroxyapatite.

Key words: octacalcium phosphate, doping, strontium, magnesium, barium, plasma spraying, bioactive coating, osseointegration.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-27-42

Reference citing:
Smirnov I.V., Teterina A.Yu., Smirnova P.V., Shlykov M.A., Kalita V.I., Komlev V.S. Kal'cij fosfatnye soedineniya, dopirovannye ionami magniya, stronciya i bariya dlya povysheniya osteointegracii kostnyh implantatov [Calcium phosphate compounds doped with magnesium, stroncium, and barium ion for enhanced osteointegration of bone implants]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp. 27 – 42. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-27-42

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Synthesis and radical polymerization of 2-allyl oxycarbonyl p-cyclopropyl styrene and its properties

K. G. Guliyev, V. A. Vahabova, S. K. Rustamova, A. F. Mamedova

Synthesis of allyl ether - 2-allyl oxycarbonylparacyclopropylstyrene was performed and its radical homopolymerization was carried out. The photoresist of a synthesized polymer containing in the macromolecule UV-sensitive fragments of allyl and cyclopropan ring was studied. The photochemical structuring was investigated and it was found that the synthesized polymer has photoresist properties and can be used to create a photoresist material. The polymer structure is established based on IR and PMP spectroscopy data. The study of its purity based on gas-liquid chromatography showed that the purity corresponds to ∼ 99.3 %. Homopolymerization of 2-allyl oxycarbonil p-cyclopropyl styrene in the presence of azodiisobutyronitrile was carried out. The physico-chemical parameters of the product of the synthesized polymerization of 2-allyl oxycarbonyl p-cyclopropyl styrene were studied, and it was shown that this polymer exhibits high physico-mechanical properties. It was found that during the transition from monomer to polymer, the allyl fragment remains practically unchanged. This fact indicates that radical polymerization is achieved by the reaction of vinyl double bond monomers. In the selected conditions, the allyl fragment is practically not involved in the polymerization process. As a result of the work carried out, a new cyclopropane-containing monomer was synthesized and based on it were investigated the patterns of its radical polymerization.

Keywords: cyclopropane, photosensitivity, microelectronics, para-cyclopropyl styrene.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-43-49

Reference citing:
Guliyev K.G., Vahabova V.A., Rustamova S.K., Mamedova A.F. Sintez i radikal'naya polimerizaciya 2-alliloksikarbonilparaciklopropilstirola i ego svojstva [Synthesis and radical polymerization of 2-allyl oxycarbonyl p-cyclopropyl styrene and its properties]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp. 43 – 49. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-43-49

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Study of sintering mechanisms of W + Fe powders

E. A. Lantsev, N. V. Malekhonova, L. S. Alekseeva, A. V. Nokhrin,
E. A. Isupova, K. E. Smetanina, A. A. Murashov, A. V. Voronin

The mechanisms of solid-phase spark plasma sintering (SPS) under pressure in a vacuum and free sintering (without applying pressure) of submicron tungsten powders containing 1, 5, 10, and 20 wt. % Fe are studied. Composite powders with the “W core – Fe shell” structure (here in after referred to as W@Fe) were obtained by the chemical-metallurgical method by depositing iron from a salt solution onto the surface of industrial submicron tungsten particles. To reduce the content of oxygen and oxides, the W@Fe powders were annealed in a hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures of 400 – 600 °C. The results of X-ray studies of the phase composition, as well as the results of electron microscopic studies of the structure of the powders and sintered samples are presented. Using the Young – Cutler model, the diffusion mechanisms determining the kinetics of solid-phase and liquid-phase sintering of submicron W@Fe powders are determined. It was found that the activation energy of sintering corresponds to the activation energy of diffusion along grain boundaries in iron, while the main mechanism of compaction of W@Fe powders is Nabarro – Herring creep.

Keywords: tungsten, spark plasma sintering, diffusion, hardness.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-50-61

Reference citing:
Lantsev E.A., Malekhonova N.V., Alekseeva L.S., Nokhrin A.V., Isupova E.A., Smetanina K.E., Murashov A.A., Voronin A.V. Issledovanie mekhanizmov spekaniya poroshkov W+Fe [Study of sintering mechanisms of W + Fe powders]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp. 50 – 61. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-50-61

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Preparation of Fe-Co galvanic alloys in glycinate solution and their evaluation as cathode materials
for the hydrogen evolution reaction

E. V. Chentsova, N. D. Solov’eva

The effect of glycinate electrolyte composition on the formation of Fe-Co galvanic alloys from acidic solutions on a steel and brass substrate was studied. The alloys were deposited by a current electrode polarization of 10 and 20 mA/cm2. The effect of the iron and cobalt ion ratio in the solution, glycine, and boric acid concentration on the chemical composition of Fe-Co galvanic alloys was determined using the X-ray fluorescence method. A positive effect of glycine and boric acid on the formation of uniform Fe-Co deposits with satisfactory adhesion to the substrate was shown. The electrodeposited alloys were studied using X-ray phase and gravimetric analysis, chronovoltammetry. For the obtained Fe-Co alloys, a relationship was established between the chemical composition of the deposits and their microhardness and corrosion resistance in a 3% NaCl solution. The dependence of the physicochemical properties of the obtained Fe-Co alloys on their phase composition is shown: greater corrosion resistance corresponded to an alloy with a composition of 38 mass. % Fe and 62 mass. % Co, containing the phases CoFe and Fe3Co7. The effect of the deposition current and the content of iron and cobalt ions in the electrolyte on the catalytic activity of the obtained Fe-Co deposits for the reaction of electrochemical hydrogen evolution in a 1 M NaOH solution is studied. The stability of the Fe-Co alloy in an alkali solution is assessed using chronopotentiometry.

Keywords: Fe-Co alloy, glycinate electrolyte, boric acid, phase composition, hydrogen evolution.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-62-69

Reference citing:
Chentsova E.V., Solov’eva N.D. Poluchenie gal'vanicheskih splavov Fe-Co v glicinatnom rastvore i ih ocenka kak katodnyh materialov dlya reakcii vydeleniya vodoroda [Preparation of Fe-Co galvanic alloys in glycinate solution and their evaluation as cathode materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp. 62 – 69. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-62-69

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Investigation of the properties of a carbon-graphite composite impregnated with aluminum alloys after preliminary galvanic coating of open pores with copper or nickel

V. A. Gulevsky, V. I. Antipov, A. G. Kolmakov, S. N. Tsurikhin,
N. Yu. Miroshkin, V. V. Gulevsky,Yu. E. Mukhina,E. E. Baranov

The article is devoted to the study of the physical and mechanical properties of a frame composite based on carbon graphite AG-1500, impregnated with aluminum alloys after preliminary deposition of copper or nickel on the surface of open pores by galvanic means. To improve the impregnation of carbon graphite using non-autoclave technology, coatings were used that are the second component of the eutectic with aluminum. A study of the influence of impregnation temperature showed that increasing the impregnation temperature of the AK12 alloy to 750 °C leads to the filling of 43.57 % of the open pores of carbon graphite pre-coated with copper, while for samples coated with nickel this value is 37.32 %. With a further increase in temperature to 800 °C, the filling of open pores increased to 72.27 % for samples pre-coated with copper and to 66.25 % for samples coated with nickel. When using the Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy and an impregnation temperature of 750 °C, the filling of open pores in pre-copper-plated samples was 56.87 % and 49.25 % in pre-nickel-plated carbon-graphite samples. Thus, copper coating has been experimentally revealed to be more effective in increasing the infiltration of matrix aluminum alloys than nickel coating. When studying the chemical composition of carbon graphite impregnated with an Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy, chemical heterogeneity of the composition of the metal alloy in the pores was discovered, expressed in the segregation of the most active elements (magnesium, zinc) of the matrix alloy to the interphase zone with carbon graphite. The physical and mechanical properties (compressive and bending strength, wear resistance and specific electrical resistance of the composite) have been established to increase with an increase in the degree of filling of open pores with the matrix alloy.

Keywords: composite, impregnation, galvanic coating, compression, bending, specific electrical resistance.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-70-79

Reference citing:
Gulevsky V.A., Antipov V.I., Kolmakov A.G., Tsurikhin S.N., Miroshkin N.Yu., Gulevsky V.V., Mukhina Yu.E., Baranov E.E. Issledovanie svojstv kompozita na osnove uglegrafita, propitannogo alyuminievymi splavami, posle predvaritel'nogo pokrytiya otkrytyh por med'yu ili nikelem gal'vanicheskim sposobom [Investigation of the properties of a carbon-graphite composite impregnated with aluminum alloys after preliminary galvanic coating of open pores with copper or nickel]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp. 70 – 79. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-70-79

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Study of thermophysical properties of glass microspheres and composite materials based on them

A. E. Pylaev, K. A. Knyazev, P. A. Timofeev, A. P. Malakho

The article considers the problems arising in the creation and characterization of synthetic thermal insulation materials based on polymer matrices and glass microspheres. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of the volume content of spherical single-shell particles on the thermophysical properties of composite materials. The thermophysical properties of a two-component system consisting of epoxy resin and glass microspheres were investigated. The volume fraction of hollow glass microspheres varied from 0 % to 70 %. The thermal conductivity of the composite was determined experimentally using the hot plate method. The results showed that the thermal conductivity decreased with increasing microsphere content from 0.53 W/(m·K) for pure resin to 0.4 W/(m·K) for a composite with 70% volume filling. The experimentally determined thermal conductivity were compared with theoretical ones obtained on the basis of an anisotropic material model compiled using approximations according to the effective medium theory. The values of the thermal conductivity of microspheres and epoxy resin were calculated using the experimentally determined function of the change in the thermal conductivity from the particle content. The results of the conducted research can be used in the design of composite materials taking into account the characteristics of distributed particles.

Keywords: thermal conductivity, polymer composites, glass microspheres, inclusion size determination

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-80-86

Reference citing:
Pylaev A.E., Knyazev K.A., Timofeev P.A., Malakho A.P. Issledovanie teplofizicheskih svojstv steklyannyh mikrosfer i kompozicionnyh materialov na ih osnove [Study of thermophysical properties of glass microspheres and composite materials based on them]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 4, pp.80 – 86. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-4-80-86