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Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

High-temperature gas corrosion of single-crystal nickel alloy
in air, SO2 and HCl at elevated temperatures

V. Z. Poilov, P. V. Skovorodnikov, A. I. Puzanov, K.S. Merzliakov

The article presents the results of a study of high-temperature gas corrosion of a single-crystal alloy at temperatures of 650, 750, 850, 950 and 1050 °C in an air environment containing 1 vol. % SO2 and 1% vol. HCl. Thermodynamic calculations showed that HCl reacts with the alloy components Al, Cr, Ta, and Nb and does not react with Ni, Co, Mo, W, or Re. SO2, however, reacts with all alloy components, with the highest thermodynamic potentials observed at 650 °C in reactions of SO2 with Al, Cr, Ta, and Nb. The thermodynamic potentials for the oxidation of Al, Cr, and Ni by oxygen are slightly lower than those for interactions with SO2. At temperatures of 650 and 750 °C, the formation of crystallites enriched with niobium and tantalum is observed on the surface of the nickel alloy. Increasing the temperature to 850 °C enhances the effect of surface oxidation, accompanied by the formation of a loose microstructural layer enriched with aluminum 9.3% by weight, chromium 7.0% by weight, tungsten 7.3 % by weight. It was determined that the effect of higher temperatures of 950 and 1050 °C changes the nature of the alloy damage, causing intercrystalline corrosion, accompanied by an increase in the number of cavities with a sulfur content of 0.9%, which are further transformed into microcracks. It has been established that with an increase in the temperature of corrosion tests, the thickness of the corrosion scale and the depth of the affected alloy increase. At a temperature of 1050 °C, the maximum value of the thickness of corrosion deposits and the depth of the affected alloy are achieved, while the growth rate of the oxide layer is 7.4 μm/hour, and the rate of corrosion damage to the alloy is 5.0 μm/hour, respectively.

Keywords: high-temperature gas corrosion, nickel alloy, elemental composition, corrosion deposits, scale, cavities, microcracks.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-5-18

Reference citing:
Poilov V.Z., Skovorodnikov P.V., Puzanov A.I., Merzliakov K.S. Vysokotemperaturnaya gazovaya korroziya monokristallicheskogo nikelevogo splava v srede vozduha, SO2 i HCl pri povyshennyh temperaturah [High-temperature gas corrosion of single-crystal nickel alloy in air, SO₂ and HCl at elevated temperatures]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 5 – 18. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-5-18

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Composites based on tungsten capillary-porous system with steel and nickel alloy matrix manufactured by melt infiltration

N. S. Popov, A. N. Suchkov, M. Yu. Zharkov, V. O. Kirillova, V. V. Dushik,
P. S. Dzhumaev, A. A. Bazhenov, N. R. Ishbaev

One of the challenges of plasma-facing components (PFCs) in tokamaks is the high thermal load and plasma disruptions that cause degradation of PFC materials. Liquid metal systems, such as capillary-porous structures (CPS) with liquid lithium, reduce the load on PFCs due to the vapor shielding effect. In the long-term conditions, this would increase plasma confinement time. However, CPSs themselves have a number of disadvantages, the most significant of which is the possibility of melting during plasma disruptions and overheating of the CPS, leading to active evaporation of the liquid metal. This paper discusses an integration of CPS made of tungsten fiber and the base material of the tokamak (steel) into a single composite. The composite is obtained by melt infiltration – casting into a mold and immersion infiltration. The paper analyzes the structural and phase state of composites with matrices made of 20X13, AISI 316LN, and Ni34Fe steels. Intermetallic compounds Fe7W6 were observed in the composite structure at the boundary of the tungsten fiber and in the volume of the steel matrix, which was oversaturated with tungsten. In the case of a composite with a Ni34Fe matrix, the composite structure consists of tungsten fiber and a solid solution γ-(Ni,Fe,W). Methods of protecting tungsten from interaction with steel melts in the form of W2C, Cr, and Ni34Fe barrier coatings during prolonged and short-term contact with AISI 316LN steel melt were investigated.

Key words: steel, tungsten, composite, plasma-facing component.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-19-31

Reference citing:
Popov N.S., Suchkov A.N., Zharkov M.Yu., Kirillova V.O., Dushik V.V., Dzhumaev P.S., Bazhenov A.A., Ishbaev N.R. Kompozity na osnove vol'framovoj kapillyarno-poristoj struktury so stal'noj i nikelevoj matricami, poluchennye metodom propitki [Composites based on tungsten capillary-porous system with steel and nickel alloy matrix manufactured by melt infiltration]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 19 – 31. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-19-31

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Fibrous matrices with a hydrophilic surface for transporting drugs based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

S. N. Kholuyskaya, A. A. Olkhov, R. Yu. Kosenko, V. S. Markin, A. G. Filatova,
Yu. N. Zernova, G. M. Mukhametova, A. L. Iordanskii

The paper studies the morphology and kinetic dependences of the release of a model drug, furacilin, by fibrous matrices of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) coated with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). PHB fibers were obtained by electrospinning. As part of the study, a method was developed and the conditions for obtaining a composite material (CM) based on PHEMA and ultra-thin PHB fibers – the biopolymers were optimized by polymerization filling through catalytic polymerization of HEMA on the surface of PHB fibers. Also, under in situ polymerization conditions, materials with a model drug, furacilin, encapsulated in a PHEMA matrix in concentrations of 0.05 – 1 % were obtained. The dynamics of diffusion and transport processes of furacilin and hydrolytic reactions of the resulting fibrous material were studied by chemical kinetics methods. Scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate how furacilin encapsulation in PHB-PHEMA composite fibers changes the structural characteristics of the materials and affects the dynamics of drug release. The PHEMA coating was applied to the fibers by impregnation in the monomer with a catalyst and subsequent polymerization of HEMA. Encapsulation of PHB fibers with hydrophilic PHEMA leads to a significant increase in the water sorption capacity (7 times). It was found that small furacilin concentrations have little effect on water sorption. At the same time, the initial rate of water absorption increases with increasing drug concentration. Filling the HEMA monomer with furacilin during the formation of the polymer coating affects the transport characteristics of fibrous materials. It was shown that the kinetics of furacilin release is a type II diffusion process, in which the swelling rate is controlled by the relaxation time of macromolecular chains. The kinetic profiles of furacilin release from composite fibers are characterized by an initial, nonlinear in time, section and a subsequent linear desorption section, which is due to a combination of diffusion and kinetic components. The results obtained in the work can be used to create matrices for the controlled release of medicinal and biologically active substances.

Key words: ultrafine fibers, electrospinning, polymer coatings, morphology, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), water sorption, hydrophilicity, drugs, furacilin, release, diffusion.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-32-42

Reference citing:
Kholuyskaya S.N., Olkhov A.A., Kosenko R.Yu., Markin V.S., Filatova A.G., Zernova Yu.N., Mukhametova G.M., Iordanskii A.L. Voloknistye matricy s gidrofil'noj poverhnost'yu dlya transporta lekarstvennyh veshchestv na osnove poli(3-gidroksibutirata) i poli(2-gidroksietilmetakrilata) [Fibrous matrices with a hydrophilic surface for transporting drugs based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 32 – 42. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-32-42

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Modification of the surface of Cu – Ti coatings by treatment in mineral acids

A. A. Burkov, M. I. Dvornik, A. Y. Bytsura, M. A. Kulik, P. A. Ilchenko

Previously, a method for applying wear-resistant antibacterial Cu-Ti coatings to titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by its electric spark treatment in copper and titanium granules was proposed. Etching of Cu-Ti coatings with mineral acids allows modifying the composition and structure of their surface layer. In this paper, we study the change in the phase and chemical composition; surface roughness and structure; water contact angle and free surface energy of coatings with a titanium to copper ratio from 10 to 90 % after exposure to nitric and hydrofluoric acid solutions. According to energy-dispersive analysis, the use of nitric acid reduces the copper concentration in Cu – Ti coatings, while hydrofluoric acid reduces the titanium concentration. It is shown that as a result of etching Cu – Ti coatings, their roughness increased to 15 % in nitric acid and to 28 % after treatment in hydrofluoric acid. Etching in hydrofluoric acid resulted in an increase in the crack width to 5.26 μm and an increase in the degree of surface texturing of the coatings to 7 %. It was shown that the water contact angle increased after treatment in both acids, and in the case of HF it was more than 90°, which led to a decrease in the free surface energy to 41 %. In general, etching of Cu – Ti coatings with mineral acids allows one to regulate the copper concentration in their structure, leads to an increase in the degree of surface texturing and imparts hydrophobic properties to it.

Keywords: Cu-Ti coating, electric spark deposition, etching, roughness, water contact angle, free surface energy, degree of texturing.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-43-53

Reference citing:
Burkov A.A., Dvornik M.I., Bytsura A.Y., Kulik M.A., Ilchenko P.A. Modifikaciya poverhnosti Cu – Ti pokrytij obrabotkoj v mineral'nyh kislotah [Modification of the surface of Cu – Ti coatings by treatment in mineral acids]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 43 – 53. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-43-53

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Synthesis of new monomer of 2-allyloxycarbonyl paracyclopropyl styrene, its copolymerization with styrene and properties

K. G. Guliyev, D. R. Nurullayeva, R. V. Asadov

By interaction of 2-chloroanhydride of p-cyclopropyl styrene with allyl chloride, new cyclopropane monomer of 2-allyloxycarbonylcyclopopyl styrene, containing photo-crosslinked fragments in side chain is obtained. Copolymerization of synthesized monomer with styrene is carried out in benzene solution at 60 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere with use of dinitrile of azoisobisbutyric acid as initiator of free radicals. As a result, the copolymers of various compositions with yield 85 % are obtained. It is revealed that the copolymerization proceeds smoothly, without induction period. The copolymerization constants are determined and Q – e parameters on Alfrey-Price equation are calculated. Based on spectral data, the structure of obtained copolymers is established. It is established as a result of studying the photochemical structuring of copolymer that crosslinking process occurs in allylic and cyclopropane fragments. It is revealed that an increase of cyclopropyl and allylic blocks in composition leads to growth of crosslinking rate. It is shown on the basis of IR spectra data that crosslinking of allylic and cyclopropane groups leads to formation of cyclobutane and cyclohexane fragments, respectively. The obtained copolymer possesses sufficiently high photosensitivity (53.5 cm2·J–1) and high refraction index, which opens up the possibility of its use in optics and as photosensitive base of a photoresist of negative type.

Keywords: photosensitivity, cyclopropane, transparency, UV spectroscopy, radical polymerization.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-54-59

Reference citing:
Guliyev K.G., Nurullayeva D.R., Asadov R.V. Sintez novogo monomera 2-alliloksikarbonilparaciklopropilstirola, ego sopolimerizaciya so stirolom i svojstva [Synthesis of new monomer of 2-allyloxycarbonyl paracyclopropyl styrene, its copolymerization with styrene and properties]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 54 – 59. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-54-59

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of compositions α-Si3N4-Lu2O3

V. V. Zakorzhevsky, I. A. Shibakov, I. D. Kovalev, N. I. Mukhina, M. Yu. Senkovenko

The article presents the results of the study of the regularities of the synthesis of Si3N4-Lu2O3 compositions by the SHS (self-propagating high temperature synthesis) method. During the study, the content of lutetium oxide in the compositions was changed from 10 to 16 wt.%. The effect of lutetium oxide on the combustion temperature, morphology and phase composition of the synthesis products is shown. It is established that with an increase in the proportion of lutetium oxide in the reaction mixture, the combustion temperature increases from1526 to 1618 °С. It was also determined that a temperature gradient of 100 – 150 °C is formed along the vertical cross-section of the burning charge between the central part of the charge and the surface. X-ray phase analysis of the synthesis products showed that with an increase in the proportion of lutetium oxide in the batch from 10 to 16 wt.%, the content of the alpha phase of silicon nitride decreases from 97 to 95 wt.%. The oxide component is represented by lutetium monosilicate and disilicate. It was determined that lutetium disilicate peaks prevail in the near-surface layer of the sinter, and lutetium monosilicate in the central part of the sinter. A study of the morphology of the particles of the compositions showed that with a content of 10 wt.% lutetium oxide, the composition consists of equiaxed particles 0.3 – 1 μm in size and elongated particles 0.2-0.5 μm thick and up to 2 μm long. As the combustion temperature increases, the particles become larger. Optimum conditions for the synthesis of compositions with a high content of the alpha phase of silicon nitride are determined. Composite powders with a specific surface area of 7.2 – 8.7 m2/g and an average particle size of 1.0 – 1.2 μm were produced.

Key words: Self-propagating high temperature synthesis, silicon nitride, lutecium oxide, combustion temperature, morphology particle, alpha-phase.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-60-66

Reference citing:
Zakorzhevsky V.V., Shibakov I.A., Kovalev I.D., Mukhina N.I., Senkovenko M.Yu. Samorasprostranyayushchijsya vysokotemperaturnyj sintez poroshkov kompozicij a-Si3N4-Lu2O3.  [Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of compositions a-Si₃N₄-Lu₂O₃]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 60 – 66. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-60-66

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Crystallization of the amorphous phase during elec-tric pulse treatment of rapidly quenched amorphous crystalline ribbons of Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy

N. N. Sitnikov, S. V. Greshnyakova, I. A. Zaletova, A. V. Shelyakov

The effect of electric pulse treatment (EPT) on the microstructure of rapidly quenched layered amorphous-crystalline ribbons made of Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy (at. %) has been studied. A series of treated samples with an exposure time from 3 s to 1 ms and model samples with an exposure time of 10 ms were obtained, in which a uniformly varying degree of crystallization of the amorphous part was realized along the length of the ribbon. The study of the longitudinal cross-section of the model samples made it possible to observe the dynamics of crystallization of the amorphous phase during EPT. It is shown that in the case of annealing with heating insufficient for complete crystallization, crystalline layers form at both boundaries of the amorphous layer, and an amorphous phase remains in the inner volume, in which, depending on the degree of annealing, the formation of separate or grouped spherical crystallites is possible. As the annealing intensity increases to a heat sufficient for complete crystallization, a crystalline structure with an inhomogeneous crystal distribution forms in the amorphous part of the ribbon: columnar crystals are present near both the contact and non-contact surfaces of the tape, and single or grouped larger crystals are observed in the inner part of the ribbon. A further increase in the degree of overheating leads to an increase in the proportion of columnar crystals and a decrease in the proportion of crystals formed in the inner part of the ribbon.

Keywords: electric pulse processing, Ti50Ni25Cu25, ultrafast quenching, amorphous state, crystalline structure, phase transition.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-67-79

Reference citing:
Sitnikov N.N., Greshnyakova S.V., Zaletova I.A., Shelyakov A.V. Kristallizaciya amorfnoj fazy pri elektroimpul'snoj obrabotke bystrozakalyonnyh amorfno-kristallicheskih lent iz splava Ti50Ni25Cu25 [Crystallization of the amorphous phase during elec-tric pulse treatment of rapidly quenched amorphous crystalline ribbons of Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 67 – 79. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-67-79

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Preparation of complex oxide NiTa2O6 by hydrolysis
of a bimetallic alkox derivative of nickel-tantalum

K. O. Lyasnikov, O. V. Chernyshova, A. I. Kolobanov, K. O. Loginov

The article is devoted to the synthesis of the ferromagnetic nickel tantalate NiTa2O6 with the tri-rutile structure by the sol-gel method using heterometallic nickel-tantalum alkoxide as a precursor. The method of sequential anodic dissolution of metals (tantalum and nickel) in an electrolyte based on absolutized methanol was used to obtain heterometallic tantalum-nickel alkoxide with the formula Ni[Ta2(OCH3)12], established by a set of chemical analysis methods. Nickel tantalate was obtained by hydrolysis of heterometallic nickel-tantalum alkoxide in a hydrolysis medium followed by heat treatment of hydrolysis products at 750 ° C for one hour in an atmospheric atmosphere. Hydrolysis of heterometallic nickel-tantalum alkoxide was carried out in two ways: in an aqueous organic emulsion with a volume ratio of phases water/ gasoline “Nefras-S2-80/120” TU 38.401-67-108-92 equal to 1:1, brought by a solution of ammonia hydrate to pH = 9 and in a solution of ammonia hydrate at pH = 9. During the hydrolysis of heterometallic nickel-tantalum alkoxide both in an aqueous organic emulsion medium and in an ammonia hydrate solution, a single-phase product was obtained, which is nickel tantalate, which is confirmed by X-ray phase analysis (PDF2:(32-207)). The unit cell parameters are calculated. For nickel tantalate obtained by hydrolysis in an aqueous organic emulsion, the cell parameters were a = 4.714 ± 0.001 Å and c = 9.109 ± 0.002 Å; obtained in an ammonia hydrate solution: a = 4.698 ± 0.001 Å and c = 9.032 ± 0.002 Å. The synthesis by hydrolysis of the precursor compound, heterometallic tantalum-nickel alkoxide, made it possible to reduce the temperature of obtaining nickel tantalate from 1450 to 750 °C and reduce the heat treatment time from 24 – 72 hours to 1 hour. The effect of the hydrolysis medium on the granulometric composition of powders is shown: when using a two-phase hydrolysis medium, it was possible to obtain particles with an average 4.8 times smaller diameter and 10 times larger surface area than when using an ammonia hydrate solution as a hydrolysis medium.

Keywords: alkoxide technology, electrochemical synthesis, heterometallic alkoxides, sol-gel synthesis, nickel tantalate, ferromagnets, precursors.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-80-88

Reference citing:
Lyasnikov K.O., Chernyshova O.V., Kolobanov A.I., Loginov K.O. Poluchenie slozhnogo oksida NiTa2O6 gidrolizom geterometallicheskogo alkoksoproizvodnogo nikelya-tantala [Preparation of complex oxide NiTa₂O₆ by hydrolysis of a bimetallic alkox derivative of nickel-tantalum]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 7, pp. 80 – 88. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-7-80-88