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ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

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Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Production of fluoropolymer-based fibrous materials by electrospinning

S. A. Gromin, A. A. Olkhov

The electrospinning process is a unique and versatile method for producing fibrous materials, which is widely used for the production of filter media, membranes, and smart clothing. One of the main advantages of electroforming is the large number of polymers that can be processed using it, one of which is fluoropolymers. Over the past decade, the use of fluoropolymers in electroforming processes has been actively developing and developing. These materials are characterized by high chemical resistance and heat resistance, high weather resistance and resistance to ionizing radiation, and high hydrophobicity. Thanks to electroforming, fluoropolymers can be used to produce materials with great potential for use in various fields, such as filtration materials, energy (piezoelectric devices), medicine, and the creation of superhydrophobic coatings. Special attention is paid to the production of non-woven materials modified with fillers of various natures. Due to this, it is possible to obtain, for example, superhydrophobic and highly corrosion resistant materials. This review will present the latest advances in the use of PVDF and PVDF-TeFE fluoropolymers as the polymer base of nonwovens produced by electroforming, their properties and applications in various fields.

Keywords: electrospinning, fibrous materials, fluoropolymers, F-2M, F-42, PVDF, PVDF-TeFE, piezoelectric devices, membranes, chemical resistance, hydrophobicity.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-5-17

Reference citing:
Gromin S.A., Olkhov A.A. Poluchenie voloknistyh materialov na osnove ftorpolimerov metodom elektroformovaniya [Production of fluoropolymer-based fibrous materials by electrospinning]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 11, pp. 5 – 17. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-5-17

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Study of the changes in polycarbonate properties after prolonged thermal treatment at glass transition temperature

D. E. Chechin, L. A. Plyasunkova, M. N. Kordo, P. A. Stepanov, I. Yu. Zolkina

This work describes the effect of thermal treatment at 145 °C on the impact strength of polycarbonate. The study was conducted using samples made from domestic sheet polycarbonate VTP-8/PK-EA-7.0. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed the signs of insignificant internal stresses arising during the manufacture of sheet material and not resulting in the changes in its stress-strain properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to investigate the effect of thermal treatment on the elastic-mechanical properties of polycarbonate. An analysis of fracture surface microstructure of polycarbonate samples after impact tests was performed. A study of molecular weight distribution of the initial and thermally treated (for 25 hours) polycarbonate was carried out using gel permeation chromatography. Thermal treatment of polycarbonate at 145 °C was observed to lead to a decrease in the elastic modulus E′ in rubber transition region (115 – 140 °C), indicating a change in the degree of structural linking of macromolecules. The impact strength of polycarbonate after thermal treatment for 5 and 15 hours decreased by approximately 5 % and 10 %, respectively. Further increases in thermal treatment time did not result in significant changes in the impact strength. As a result of thermal treatment for 25 hours at 145 °C, the number-average and weight-average molecular weight slightly decreased. The polydispersity index remained unchanged.

Keywords: polycarbonate, glass transition temperature, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, molecular weight.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-18-25

Reference citing:
Chechin D.E., Plyasunkova L.A., Kordo M.N., Stepanov P.A., Zolkina I.Yu. Issledovanie izmeneniya svojstv polikarbonata posle dlitel'nogo termicheskogo vozdejstviya pri temperature steklovaniya [Study of the changes in polycarbonate properties after prolonged thermal treatment at glass transition temperature]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 11, pp. 18 – 25.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Development of a mechanocytic method for synthesizing lithium nickelate with increased energy characteristics

A. A. Zatsepin, I. A. Putsylov, S. E. Smirnov

An original method for the synthesis of lithium-nickel oxide has been developed, which includes the following stages: mixing of nickel oxide and lithium hydroxide powders in a stoichiometric ratio, mechanoactivation using Bridgman’s anvil apparatus, heat treatment of the precursor at a temperature of 700 °C for 5 hours in a vacuum muffle furnace in an oxygen atmosphere. It has been shown that there are optimal conditions for mechanoactivation, which allow the final product to contain about 96 % lithium nickel oxide in a highly dispersed state. The specific capacity of LiNiO2 electrodes synthesized under optimal conditions decreases from 220 to 140 mAh/g during cycling in the potential window from 4.2 to 2.5 V at a rate of 1.0 C for the first 300 charge-discharge cycles, and then remains almost constant. Electrodes based on the synthesized lithium-nickel oxide are not inferior to known analogues in terms of specific capacity and stability, and are promising for use in lithium batteries.

Keywords: synthesis, mechanical activation, lithium-nickel oxide, electrode, anvil, phase analysis.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-26-31

Reference citing:
Zatsepin A.A., Putsylov I.A., Smirnov S.E. Razrabotka mekhanohimicheskogo sposoba sinteza nikelata litiya s povyshennymi energeticheskimi harakteristikami [Development of a mechanocytic method for synthesizing lithium nickelate with increased energy characteristics]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 11, pp. 26 – 31.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Fluoride separation through a polymer membrane

V. V. Guzeev, Ya. B. Chubenko, M. E. Kalaev

This work describes the feasibility of gas transfer through polymer membranes and their separation under the influence of a pulsed electric field, which induces polarization of polymer and gas molecules. It is hypothesized that the change in polarization causes additional movement of sections of the long polymer molecule and interaction with gas molecules in an alternating electric field which along with thermal motion alters the polymer’s gas permeability. The advantages of this separation method include lower energy consumption compared to other known gas separation methods. For the experiment in this study various gases were used including air, hydrogen fluoride, silicon tetrafluoride and tungsten hexafluoride. Membranes were made of natural and synthetic polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, fluoroplastic, chitosan and others. An increase in the polymer’s gas permeability was observed during the experiment. Based on the dependences obtained for the membranes (volt-ampere characteristics and the effect of voltage on pressure difference), the optimal operating voltage range for gas transfer and the polarization voltage were determined. Mass transfer coefficients (gas permeability), current densities and specific mass transfer coefficients were calculated for the membranes. The degree of separation of hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride using a fluoroplastic-4 membrane was experimentally determined.

Keywords: polymeric materials, gas permeability, gas mixture separation, electromembrane method, hydrogen fluoride.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-32-42

Reference citing:
Leontiev N.V., Pogolskaya D.D., Larionov D.S., Golubchikov D.O., Filippov Ya.Yu., Klimashina E.S., Murashko A.M., Evdokimov P.V., Putlayev V.I. Issledovanie processa kristallizacii mnogoelementnyh sistem na osnove bioaktivnogo stekla 45S5 [Investigation of the crystallization process in multielement systems based on 45S5 bioactive glass]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 10, pp. 55 – 69.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Investigation of ceramics made of calcium phosphates for structural and mechanical stimulation of cell culture development in porous media with a given geometry

I. V. Fadeeva, M. M. Novikov, M. V. Balyasin, A. A. Dudorova, A. V. Lyundup,
N. M. Markov, S. A. Cherebylo, A. P. Ryzhov, E. Yu. Osipova

Using stereolithographic 3D-printing, scaffolds with a given geometry of tricalcium phosphates were obtained for structural and mechanical stimulation of cell culture development. The possibilities of using photo-cured polymers to produce ceramic materials with different porosities, as well as the possibilities of additive manufacturing and computer modeling for the formation of pores of different sizes in the studied samples are shown. Experiments have been conducted on cells and the influence of porosity and architecture of a three-dimensional structure on the development of cell cultures has been studied. In 3D-cultures of MSCs, after osteogenic differentiation, calcium deposits increased and a positive staining on AP was observed. The results obtained show the promise of tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for use in regenerative medicine to repair damaged bone tissue.

Keywords: MSCs; osteogenesis; tricalcium phosphate; additive manufacturing.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-43-51

Reference citing:
Fadeeva I.V., Novikov M.M., Balyasin M.V., Dudorova A.A., Lyundup A.V., Markov N.M., Cherebylo S.A., Ryzhov A.P., Osipova E.Yu. Issledovanie poristoj keramiki iz trikal'cijfosfata s zadannoj geometriej dlya strukturno-mekhanicheskogo stimulirovaniya razvitiya kletochnyh kul'tur [Investigation of ceramics made of calcium phosphates for structural and mechanical stimulation of cell culture development in porous media with a given geometry]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 11, pp. 43 – 51. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-43-51

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Synthesis of cyclopropane-containing polyamide of linear structure under conditions of equilibrium polycondensation

R. Z. Shahnazarli, Kh. G. Nazaraliyev

A new compound — 2,2ʹ-(1,4-phenylene)dicyclopropancarboxylic acid has been synthesized and characterized. The structure of the synthesized diacid has been confirmed by spectral and elemental analysis data. The obtained dicarboxylic acid has been used in the equilibrium polycondensation reaction with aliphatic diamine. As a result of the interaction of the dicarboxylic acid with hexamethylenediamine, the polyamide of linear structure has been obtained. It has been established by spectral and analytical methods of analysis that the polyamide macromolecules contain, besides amide groups, the aromatic and cyclopropane functional groups. There have been found the optimal conditions for the polycondensation of diacid with diamine: the process was carried out in melt of the initial compounds, as well as in a toluene medium with a gradual increase in temperature and simultaneous removal of water from the reaction zone. Some properties of polyamides obtained in melt and solution have been studied: softening temperature, viscosity, density and solubility in various solvents. The molecular weights of the polyamides found by the viscometric method were about 8÷10×103 Da. It has been revealed that the obtained polyamides are completely amorphous and have high adhesion to various surfaces, such as metal, glass and fabrics. The thermal properties of the polyamides have been investigated by the DTA method. The antibacterial properties of the polyamide films casted from their solution in DMFA have also been studied.

Key words: synthesis, equilibrium polycondensation, dicarboxylic acid, hexamethylenediamine, polyamide, cyclopropane.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-52-59

Reference citing:
Shahnazarli R.Z., Nazaraliyev Kh.G. Sintez ciklopropansoderzhashchego poliamida linejnogo stroeniya v usloviyah ravnovesnoj polikondensacii [Synthesis of cyclopropane-containing polyamide of linear structure under conditions of equilibrium polycondensation]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 11, pp. 52 – 59.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Development of a surface modification method for VCh40 cast iron with enhanced hydroabrasive wear resistance

A. V. Skazochkin, G. G. Bondarenko, A. I. Gaydar, E. V. Matveev

This paper investigates the mechanisms of structural-phase evolution and physicochemical processes during the fabrication of wear-resistant and corrosion-passive coatings on VCh40 high-strength cast iron (ductile iron) using a combined technology that integrates ultrasonic plastic deformation and electro-spark deposition (ESD). The specimens were modified via an ultrasonic indenter in a medium of micro-dispersed SiO2 particles (5 μm) under a nominal dynamic pressure of 400 MPa, followed by ESD utilizing graphite and WC-Co (VK8) electrodes. The microstructure, elemental composition, and microhardness were evaluated using SEM-EDX and Vickers indentation, while the experimental data were interpreted utilizing the Blok and Archard models alongside the Einstein–Smoluchowski equation. It was established that during ultrasonic treatment, the Peclet number (5.65 < Pe < 12.92) defines a distinct “fast-moving heat source” regime. The peak flash temperature reaches only 125.4 – 179.3 °C, thereby ruling out conventional melting or austenitization. The microhardness increase (up to 6.53 GPa) during the initial stage is driven by mechanochemical activation, which promotes the destruction of silicon dioxide bonds and induces the synthesis of a silicate matrix; according to EDX data, the elemental composition of this matrix is close to fayalite (Fe2SiO4) within a thermal layer up to 23.6 μm thick. Subsequent ESD processing with a graphite electrode proved ineffective due to a carbothermic reaction that triggers silicon ablation (down to 0.12 at. %) and a concomitant drop in microhardness to 2.97 GPa. Conversely, ESD treatment with the WC-Co electrode initiates the polar transfer of tungsten and cobalt, whereas rapid solidification (≥ 105 °C/s) ensures the synthesis of dispersed carbides (WC, W2C, Fe3W3C) within a martensitic-austenitic matrix, shifting the microhardness up to 8.82 GPa. The optimized processing route (ultrasonic treatment + WC-Co ESD) is expected to provide a 4-to-7-fold increase in the hydroabrasive wear resistance of the VCh40 cast iron. The pre-formed underlayer alleviates the thermal expansion coefficient gradient, while the cobalt binder minimizes residual internal stresses. The resulting composite layer can effectively isolate the substrate, completely mitigating graphite corrosion (selective leaching) and preventing the initiation of corrosion-fatigue cracking.

Keywords: high-strength cast iron, ductile iron, ultrasonic deformation, electro-spark deposition, silicon dioxide, Peclet number, mechanochemical activation, fayalite, tungsten carbide, hydroabrasive wear, graphite corrosion.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-60-75

Reference citing:
Skazochkin A.V., Bondarenko G.G., Gaydar A.I., Matveev E.V. Razrabotka metoda modifikacii poverhnosti chuguna VCH40 s povyshennoj stojkost'yu k gidroabrazivnomu iznosu [Development of a surface modification method for VCh40 cast iron with enhanced hydroabrasive wear resistance]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 11, pp. 60 – 75.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Changes in the contact properties of composites based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and nanosized carbon fillers under the influence of low-temperature plasma

M. S. Piskarev, O. V. Lebedev, Е. P. Tikunova, Е. К. Golubev, Т. S. Kurkin,
A. B. Gilman, A. A. Kuznetsov, A. N. Ozerin

In this study the contact properties (wettability, surface energy) of composite material samples before and after exposure to low-temperature plasma, storage for 7 days, and isothermal heating at 100°C for 30 minutes, were investigated. The samples were obtained by solid-state processing of mixtures of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene reactor powder and nanoscale carbon fillers (electrically conductive carbon black (CB), nanodiamond soot, and graphite nanoplatelets) with a filler content ranging from 1 to 20 wt.%. It was shown that plasma treatment leads to a unification of the contact properties of the composite samples regardless of the type and amount of filler, whereas storage and heating also result in changes in the contact properties of the composite surfaces. Samples filled with CB exhibited the most pronounced dependence of surface properties on the filler content in the composite.

Keywords: composite materials, carbon nanoparticles, carbon black, nanodiamond soot, low-temperature plasma, contact properties.

DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2026-11-76-84

Reference citing:
Piskarev M.S., Lebedev O.V., Tikunova Е.P., Golubev Е.К., Kurkin Т.S., Gilman A.B., Kuznetsov A.A., Ozerin A.N. Izmenenie kontaktnyh svojstv kompozitov na osnove sverhvysokomolekulyarnogo polietilena i nanorazmernyh uglerodnyh napolnitelej pod vozdejstviem nizkotemperaturnoj plazmy [Changes in the contact properties of composites based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and nanosized carbon fillers under the influence of low-temperature plasma]. Perspektivnye Materialy [Advanced Materials] (in Russ), 2026, no. 11, pp. 76 – 84.